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Temperature paradox: If the temperature is 90 and the temperature is rising, that would seem to entail that 90 is rising. Unexpected hanging paradox: The day of the hanging will be a surprise, so it cannot happen at all, so it will be a surprise. The surprise examination and Bottle Imp paradox use similar logic.
The Temperature paradox or Partee's paradox is a classic puzzle in formal semantics and philosophical logic. Formulated by Barbara Partee in the 1970s, it consists of the following argument, which speakers of English judge as wildly invalid. The temperature is ninety. The temperature is rising. Therefore, ninety is rising. (invalid conclusion)
Topics about Paradoxes in general should be placed in relevant topic categories. Pages in this category should be moved to subcategories where applicable. This category may require frequent maintenance to avoid becoming too large.
Frege's puzzles are puzzles about the semantics of proper names, although related puzzles also arise in the case of indexicals. Gottlob Frege (1848–1925) introduced the puzzle at the beginning of his article "Über Sinn und Bedeutung" ("On Sense and Reference") in 1892 in one of the most influential articles in analytic philosophy and philosophy of language.
The heat death paradox, also known as thermodynamic paradox, Clausius' paradox, and Kelvin's paradox, [1] is a reductio ad absurdum argument that uses thermodynamics to show the impossibility of an infinitely old universe.
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Scott Soames has harshly criticized truth-conditional semantics on the grounds that it is either wrong or uselessly circular.. Under its traditional formulation, truth-conditional semantics gives every necessary truth precisely the same meaning, for all of them are true under precisely the same conditions (namely, all of them).