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This type of nerve damage may cause paralysis of the motor, sensory, and autonomic functions, and is mainly seen in crush injury. [2] If the force creating the nerve damage is removed in a timely fashion, the axon may regenerate, leading to recovery. Electrically, the nerve shows rapid and complete degeneration, with loss of voluntary motor units.
Nerve injury classification assists in prognosis and determination of treatment strategy for nerve injuries. Classification was described by Seddon in 1943 and by Sunderland in 1951. [ 1 ] In the lowest degree of nerve injury the nerve remains intact, but signaling ability is damaged, termed neurapraxia .
Neurotmesis (in Greek tmesis signifies "to cut") is part of Seddon's classification scheme used to classify nerve damage. It is the most serious nerve injury in the scheme. In this type of injury, both the nerve and the nerve sheath are disrupted. While partial recovery may occur, complete recovery is impossible.
Peripheral neuropathy, often shortened to neuropathy, refers to damage or disease affecting the nerves. [1] Damage to nerves may impair sensation, movement, gland function, and/or organ function depending on which nerve fibers are affected. Neuropathies affecting motor, sensory, or autonomic nerve fibers result in different symptoms. More than ...
In Seddon's Classification, nerve injury is described as either neurapraxia, axonotmesis, or neurotmesis. Following trauma to the nerve, a short onset of afferent impulses, termed "injury discharge", occurs. This occurrence lasts only minutes, but has been linked to the onset of neuropathic pain. [4]
“Mononeuropathy refers to single peripheral nerve involvement and usually occurs due to trauma, nerve compression or entrapment”. [2] Isolated situations like pregnancy, thyroid disease or ones occupation (desk work or intense physical labour) can lead to mononeuropathy as a result entrapped nerve sites. [ 2 ]
Axonotmesis of the nerve. Axonotmesis is an injury to the peripheral nerve of one of the extremities of the body. The axons and their myelin sheath are damaged in this kind of injury, but the endoneurium, perineurium and epineurium remain intact.
This allows antibodies, T-cells, toxins and other substances to enter, causing damage to the nerve cell bodies. [2] Paraneoplastic sensory neuropathy occurs in the setting of cancer and is thought to involve anti-cancer antibodies cross reacting with antigens that are expressed by neurons and cancer cells.