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An-Nisa' (Arabic: ٱلنِّسَاء, An-Nisāʾ; meaning: The Women) [1] [2] is the fourth chapter of the Quran, with 176 verses . The title derives from the numerous references to women throughout the chapter, including verse 34 and verses 4:127-130 .
Islamic scholars Abū Dāwūd and Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal reported that Muhammad said circumcision was a "law for men and a preservation of honor for women" however these narrations or Hadith are regarded as daʻīf (weak). [49] [50] In a reported narration Muhammad made female genital cutting optional, but he warned against harming women. [51]
He viewed Islamic doctrines as a mix of ideas taken from the Bible and claimed that Muhammad was influenced by an Arian monk. [21] Other notable early critics included Arabs like Abu Isa al-Warraq and Ibn al-Rawandi. [22]: 224 al-Ma'arri, an eleventh-century antinatalist and critic of all religions. His poetry was known for its "pervasive ...
[29] Muhammad's wives play a prominent role in Islam and Muslim practices; "their reception of specific divine guidances, occasioned by their proximity to Muhammad, endows them with special dignity." [7] They form the basis for the status of women in Islam and are thus important for gender debates and study.
Scholar Ayesha Chaudhry [31] writes that many Muslims have this fundamentally flawed way of examining the text, writing that "Despite the potential for such verses [4:34] to have multiple plain-sense meanings, living Muslim communities place these interpretations in conversation with the pre-colonial Islamic tradition".
Although Islam permits women to divorce for domestic violence, they are subject to the laws of their nation, which might make it quite difficult for a woman to obtain a divorce. [311] [312] [313] In deference to Surah 4:34, many nations with Shari'a law have refused to consider or prosecute cases of domestic abuse. [314] [315] [316]
According to Honour, Violence, Women and Islam, and Islamic scholar Dr. Muhammad Sharif Chaudhry, Muhammad condemns violence against women, by saying: "How loathsome (Ajeeb) it is that one of you should hit his wife as a slave is hit, and then sleep with her at the end of the day." [37] [38] [39]
Hermeneutics of feminism in Islam is a system of interpreting the sacred texts of that religion, the Quran and Sunnah. Hermeneutics [1] is the theory and methodology of interpretation, [2] [3] especially of sacred texts, [4] [5] and Islamic feminism has a long history upon which to draw.