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The Kesh temple hymn, Liturgy to Nintud, or Liturgy to Nintud on the creation of man and woman, is a Sumerian tablet, written on clay tablets as early as 2600 BCE. [1] Along with the Instructions of Shuruppak , it is the oldest surviving literature in the world.
He also worked with Samuel Noah Kramer to publish three other tablets CBS 8473, 10226, 13869 in "Sumerian texts of varied contents" in 1934. The name given this time was "Hymn to the Ekur", suggesting the tablets were "parts of a composition which extols the ekur of Enlil at Nippur, it may, however be only an extract from a longer text". [5]
The Zame Hymns are the oldest known collection of Mesopotamian hymns, and have been dated to Early Dynastic IIIa period. [6] More precise dating is not possible. [5]Alongside compositions from Fara discovered in 1902 and 1903, the Zame Hymns have been described by Robert D. Biggs as "testimonies of the first great flowering of Sumerian literature". [7]
— Sumerian hymn to Enlil, translated by Samuel Noah Kramer [13] Cuneiform inscription on a diorite mortar from Nippur stating that this was an offering from Gudea to Enlil ( c. 2144–2124 BC) Enlil was the patron god of the Sumerian city-state of Nippur [ 14 ] and his main center of worship was the Ekur temple located there. [ 15 ]
A Hymn to Enlil praises the leader of the Sumerian pantheon in the following terms: You founded it in the Dur-an-ki, in the middle of the four quarters of the earth. Its soil is the life of the Land, and the life of all the foreign countries. Its brickwork is red gold, its foundation is lapis lazuli. You made it glisten on high. [28]
Balbale (from Sumerian bal "change") is a Sumerian form of poem, a kind of changing songs. Most of Tammuz and Enkimdu (an adamanduga) consists of changes like this.There’s a reference to balbale in the colophon of the poem, though it also may refer to the dialogue form of the writing.
German classical scholar Walter Burkert proposed that the Greek goddess Dione, mentioned in Book V of the Iliad as the mother of Aphrodite, was a calque for Antu. [283] Anunītu: Agade [284] and Sippar-Amnanum [285] Annunitum ("the martial one") was initially an epithet of Ishtar, [286] but later a separate goddess. [287]
Enheduanna (Sumerian: 𒂗𒃶𒌌𒀭𒈾 [1] Enḫéduanna, also transliterated as Enheduana, En-he2-du7-an-na, or variants; fl. c. 2300 BC) was the entu (high) priestess of the moon god Nanna (Sīn) in the Sumerian city-state of Ur in the reign of her father, Sargon of Akkad (r.