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Distal trisomy 10 is a rare chromosomal disorder that causes several physical defects and intellectual disability. [5] Humans, like all sexually reproducing species, have somatic cells that are in diploid [ 2N] state, meaning that N represent the number of chromosomes, and 2 the number of their copies. In humans, there are 23 chromosomes, but ...
Specialty. Medical genetics. Aneuploidy is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, for example a human cell having 45 or 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. [1] [2] It does not include a difference of one or more complete sets of chromosomes. A cell with any number of complete chromosome sets is called a euploid cell.
The Pallister–Killian syndrome (PKS), also termed tetrasomy 12p mosaicism or the Pallister mosaic aneuploidy syndrome, is an extremely rare and severe genetic disorder. PKS is due to the presence of an extra and abnormal chromosome termed a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC). sSMCs contain copies of genetic material from parts of ...
Patau syndrome. Patau syndrome is a syndrome caused by a chromosomal abnormality, in which some or all of the cells of the body contain extra genetic material from chromosome 13. The extra genetic material disrupts normal development, causing multiple and complex organ defects. This can occur either because each cell contains a full extra copy ...
Cri du chat syndrome. Cri du chat syndrome is a rare genetic disorder due to a partial chromosome deletion on chromosome 5. [1] Its name is a French term ("cat-cry" or "call of the cat") referring to the characteristic cat-like cry of affected children (sound sample [1] ). [2] It was first described by Jérôme Lejeune in 1963. [3]
Hypothyroidism is prevalent; 30%–50% of women with Turner syndrome have Hashimoto's disease, where the thyroid gland is slowly destroyed by an autoimmune reaction. By age 50, half of women with Turner syndrome have subclinical or clinical hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism and Graves' disease are also increased in prevalence, though more modestly.
1 in 15,000–20,000 people [2] Prader–Willi syndrome ( PWS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a loss of function of specific genes on chromosome 15. [2] In newborns, symptoms include weak muscles, poor feeding, and slow development. [2] Beginning in childhood, those affected become constantly hungry, which often leads to obesity and type ...
Oncology. Gestational trophoblastic disease ( GTD) is a term used for a group of pregnancy-related tumours. [1] These tumours are rare, and they appear when cells in the womb start to proliferate uncontrollably. The cells that form gestational trophoblastic tumours are called trophoblasts and come from tissue that grows to form the placenta ...