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Allergen immunotherapy, also known as desensitization or hypo-sensitization, is a medical treatment for environmental allergies (such as insect bites) and asthma. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Immunotherapy involves exposing people to larger and larger amounts of allergens in an attempt to change the immune system's response.
Allergen immunotherapy is the only treatment that alters the disease mechanism. [27] Immunotherapy can be administered orally (as sublingual tablets [28] or sublingual drops), or by injections under the skin (subcutaneous). [29] Subcutaneous immunotherapy is the most common form and has the largest body of evidence supporting its effectiveness ...
Allergy immunotherapy can be administered orally (as sublingual tablets or sublingual drops), or by injections under the skin (subcutaneous). [52] [53] Immunotherapy contains a small amount of the substance that triggers the allergic reactions. [54] Ladders are also used for egg and milk allergies as a home-based therapy mainly for children.
In February 2024, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) added an indication for immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergy for the reduction of allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, which may occur with accidental exposure to one or more foods. [12] Omalizumab can be used as a monotherapy or in combination with oral immunotherapy. [21]
Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis. Food allergy symptoms occur within minutes to hours after exposure and may include: [11] Rash; Hives [11] Itching of mouth, lips, tongue, throat, eyes, skin, or other areas [11] Swelling of lips, tongue, eyelids, or the whole face [11] Difficulty swallowing [11] Runny or congested nose [11] Hoarse voice [11]
Its use in food allergies is unclear. [6] Allergies are common. [10] In the developed world, about 20% of people are affected by allergic rhinitis, [15] food allergy affects 10% of adults and 8% of children, [16] and about 20% have or have had atopic dermatitis at some point in time. [17] Depending on the country, about 1–18% of people have ...
An allergy test or food challenge may be performed at an allergy clinic to determine the exact allergens. Since a tree nut allergy can be life-threatening, people who suspect they are having allergic reactions to any kind of tree nut should be tested by an allergist immediately. [14] Tree nut allergies can be genetic and passed down. [15]
Intradermal injections are used. The treatment takes 3–4 weeks before any effect is seen. For food and environmental allergies and intolerances treatments are typically given at two monthly intervals at first, but the interval between treatments is gradually lengthened. Hay fever is treated with two shots of EPD outside the pollen season.