Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Retinyl palmitate, or vitamin A palmitate, is the ester of retinol and palmitic acid, with formula C 36 H 60 O 2. It is the most abundant form of vitamin A storage in animals. [2] An alternate spelling, retinol palmitate, which violates the -yl organic chemical naming convention for esters, is also frequently seen. [citation needed]
Vitamin A occurs as two principal forms in foods: A) retinoids, found in animal-sourced foods, either as retinol or bound to a fatty acid to become a retinyl ester, and B) the carotenoids α-carotene (alpha-carotene), β-carotene, γ-carotene (gamma-carotene), and the xanthophyll beta-cryptoxanthin (all of which contain β-ionone rings) that ...
In enzymology, a retinyl-palmitate esterase (EC 3.1.1.21) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. retinyl palmitate + H 2 O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } retinol + palmitate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are retinyl palmitate and H 2 O , whereas its two products are retinol and palmitate .
These multiple conversion steps are what make it gentler on the skin. Retinol: The most common form of over-the-counter topical vitamin A products, retinol comes in varying percentages. Those with ...
All classes of retinoid bind to many proteins. Natural retinoids such as retinol and retinyl esters bind to carrier proteins such as RBP4, chylomicrons and VLDL while synthetic retinoids likely bind to these and other proteins. [17] First generation retinoids are rapidly metabolized by Cytochrome p450 enzymes, typically of the Cyp26 family. [18]
an all-trans-retinyl ester + H 2 O = 11-cis-retinol + a fatty acid. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds. The systematic name is all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis retinol-forming. This enzyme participates in retinol metabolism.
Retinal pigment epithelium-specific 65 kDa protein (also known as RPE65) is a retinoid isomerohydrolase enzyme of the vertebrate visual cycle. [5] [6] RPE65 is expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE, a layer of epithelial cells that nourish the photoreceptor cells) and is responsible for the conversion of all-trans-retinyl esters to 11-cis-retinol during phototransduction.
The enzyme 11-cis-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.63) catalyzes the reaction 11- cis -retinyl palmitate + H 2 O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 11- cis -retinol + palmitate This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases , specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds.