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Eddy formations play a vital role in the fate and transport of solutes and particles in environmental flows such as in rivers, lakes, oceans, and the atmosphere. Upwelling in stratified coastal estuaries warrant the formation of dynamic eddies which distribute nutrients out from beneath the boundary layer to form plumes. [ 15 ]
Eddy pumping is a component of mesoscale eddy-induced vertical motion in the ocean. It is a physical mechanism through which vertical motion is created from variations in an eddy's rotational strength.
[1] In fluid dynamics, eddy diffusion, eddy dispersion, or turbulent diffusion is a process by which fluid substances mix together due to eddy motion. These eddies can vary widely in size, from subtropical ocean gyres down to the small Kolmogorov microscales, and occur as a result of turbulence (or turbulent flow).
Self-induced eddy currents are responsible for the skin effect in conductors. [1] The latter can be used for non-destructive testing of materials for geometry features, like micro-cracks. [ 2 ] A similar effect is the proximity effect , which is caused by externally induced eddy currents.
English: Diagram showing how a laminated core in a transformer prevents power losses due to eddy currents.The drawing at left shows a solid iron transformer core. The alternating current in the transformer's winding (not shown) creates an alternating magnetic field (B, green arrows) within the transformer's steel core.
Large eddy simulation of a turbulent gas velocity field. Large eddy simulation ( LES ) is a mathematical model for turbulence used in computational fluid dynamics . It was initially proposed in 1963 by Joseph Smagorinsky to simulate atmospheric air currents, [ 1 ] and first explored by Deardorff (1970). [ 2 ]
The entire ocean, containing 97% of Earth's water, spans 70.8% of Earth's surface, [8] making it Earth's global ocean or world ocean. [ 23 ] [ 25 ] This makes Earth, along with its vibrant hydrosphere a "water world" [ 43 ] [ 44 ] or " ocean world ", [ 45 ] [ 46 ] particularly in Earth's early history when the ocean is thought to have possibly ...
It covered an area of 1.2 × 10 6 to 1.6 × 10 6 km 2 (4.6 × 10 5 to 6.2 × 10 5 sq mi) in Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay and 0.8 × 10 5 km 2 (3.1 × 10 4 sq mi) in Africa. Dyke swarms in Brazil, Angola, eastern Paraguay, and Namibia, however, suggest the LIP originally covered a much larger area and also indicate failed rifts in all these areas.