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Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare metabolic disorder affecting the production of heme resulting from a deficiency of the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase. It is the most common of the acute porphyrias. [1] [2] [3]
Porphyria / p ɔːr ˈ f ɪr i ə / is a group of disorders in which substances called porphyrins build up in the body, adversely affecting the skin or nervous system. [1] The types that affect the nervous system are also known as acute porphyria, as symptoms are rapid in onset and short in duration. [1]
The most well-known health issue involving porphobilinogen deaminase is acute intermittent porphyria, an autosomal dominant genetic disorder where insufficient hydroxymethylbilane is produced, leading to a build-up of porphobilinogen in the cytoplasm. This is caused by a gene mutation that, in 90% of cases, causes decreased amounts of enzyme.
Hereditary coproporphyria (HCP) is a disorder of heme biosynthesis, classified as an acute hepatic porphyria. [1] HCP is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme coproporphyrinogen oxidase, coded for by the CPOX gene, and is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, although homozygous individuals have been identified.
Heme arginate (or haem arginate) is a compound of heme and arginine used in the treatment of acute porphyrias. [1] [2] This heme product is only available outside the United States and is equivalent to hematin. [3] Heme arginate is a heme compound, whereby L-arginine is added to prevent rapid degradation.
Porphyria cutanea tarda is the most common subtype of porphyria. [1] The disease is named because it is a porphyria that often presents with skin manifestations later in life. The disorder results from low levels of the enzyme responsible for the fifth step in heme production. Heme is a vital molecule for all of the body's organs.
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (or commonly called EPP) is a form of porphyria, which varies in severity and can be very painful.It arises from a deficiency in the enzyme ferrochelatase, leading to abnormally high levels of protoporphyrin in the red blood cells (erythrocytes), plasma, skin, and liver. [2]
Acute intermittent porphyria [5] [verification needed] Hereditary coproporphyria; Variegate porphyria; Side effects of stimulants such as cocaine or methylphenidate; Side effects of antipsychotics like haloperidol; SSRI or SNRI medications; As explained in a 2008 study, in people with mood disorders there is a dynamic link between their mood ...