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In biochemistry, a metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell. The reactants , products, and intermediates of an enzymatic reaction are known as metabolites , which are modified by a sequence of chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes .
Integrated discrete Multiple Organ Culture (IdMOC) is an in vitro, cell culture based experimental model for the study of intercellular communication. In conventional in vitro systems, each cell type is studied in isolation ignoring critical interactions between organs or cell types.
A metabolic reconstruction provides a highly mathematical, structured platform on which to understand the systems biology of metabolic pathways within an organism. [2] The integration of biochemical metabolic pathways with rapidly available, annotated genome sequences has developed what are called genome-scale metabolic models.
Metabolism (/ m ə ˈ t æ b ə l ɪ z ə m /, from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.The three main functions of metabolism are: the conversion of the energy in food to energy available to run cellular processes; the conversion of food to building blocks of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and some carbohydrates; and the ...
Metabolism shifts toward fat utilization, while muscle protein breakdown to supply gluconeogenesis precursors is minimized, and available glucose is spared for use by the brain. [ citation needed ] Calcium ions have a role in regulation of PDC in muscle tissue, because it activates PDP, stimulating glycolysis on its release into the cytosol ...
For example, the most widely studied bacterium, E. coli strain K-12, is able to produce about 2,338 metabolic enzymes. [1] These enzymes collectively form a complex web of reactions comprising pathways by which substrates (including nutients and intermediates) are converted to products (other intermediates and end-products).
In biochemistry, flux balance analysis (FBA) is a mathematical method for simulating the metabolism of cells or entire unicellular organisms, such as E. coli or yeast, using genome-scale reconstructions of metabolic networks. Genome-scale reconstructions describe all the biochemical reactions in an organism based on its entire genome.
In biochemistry and metabolism, beta oxidation (also β-oxidation) is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the cytosol in prokaryotes and in the mitochondria in eukaryotes to generate acetyl-CoA.