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Many models of communication include the idea that a sender encodes a message and uses a channel to transmit it to a receiver. Noise may distort the message along the way. The receiver then decodes the message and gives some form of feedback. [1] Models of communication simplify or represent the process of communication.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 12 January 2025. Transmission of information For other uses, see Communication (disambiguation). "Communicate" redirects here. For other uses, see Communicate (disambiguation). There are many forms of communication, including human linguistic communication using sounds, sign language, and writing as well ...
It was first published by David Berlo in his 1960 book The Process of Communication. It contains a detailed discussion of the four main components of communication: source, message, channel, and receiver. Source and receiver are usually distinct persons but can also be groups and, in some cases, the same entity acts both as source and receiver.
Human communication can be defined as any Shared Symbolic Interaction. [6]Shared, because each communication process also requires a system of signification (the Code) as its necessary condition, and if the encoding is not known to all those who are involved in the communication process, there is no understanding and therefore fails the same notification.
A model of communication is a simplified presentation that aims to give a basic explanation of the process by highlighting its most fundamental characteristics and components. [ 16 ] [ 8 ] [ 17 ] For example, James Watson and Anne Hill see Lasswell's model as a mere questioning device and not as a full model of communication. [ 10 ]
[6] [7] It aims to provide a formal representation of the basic elements and relations involved in the process of communication. [8] In successful face-to-face communication, a message is translated into a sound wave, which is transmitted through the air and translated back to the original message when it is heard by the other party.
[81] [82] Five major elements related to culture affect the communication process: [83] Communication diagram showing types of communication between cultures, including verbal and non-verbal communication. Cultural history; Religion; Value (personal and cultural) Social organization; Language; Communication between cultures may occur through ...
Most theorists identify Schramm's model with his 1954 book The process and effects of mass communication and present it as a reaction to earlier models developed in the late 1940s. [2] [3] [15] However, marketing scholar Jim Blythe argues that Schramm's model is of earlier origin and was already present in Schramm's 1949 [a] book Mass ...