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2. Retroreflective sheeting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroreflective_sheeting

   There are several grades of retroreflective sheeting which include the three major grades: engineer grade, high intensity prismatic (HIP) and diamond grade. Within these categories are further delineations based on material used and visibility distance. Diamond grade typically has the greatest distance for visibility of the three major ...

3. Security printing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_printing

   Security printing is the field of the printing industry that deals with the printing of items such as banknotes, cheques, passports, tamper-evident labels, security tapes, product authentication, stock certificates, postage stamps, and identity cards. The main goal of security printing is to prevent forgery, tampering, or counterfeiting.

4. Liquid-crystal display - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid-crystal_display

   The LCD backlight systems are made highly efficient by applying optical films such as prismatic structure (prism sheet) to gain the light into the desired viewer directions and reflective polarizing films that recycle the polarized light that was formerly absorbed by the first polarizer of the LCD (invented by Philips researchers Adrianus de ...

5. Retroreflector - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroreflector

   A set of three mutually perpendicular reflective surfaces, placed to form the internal corner of a cube, work as a retroreflector. The three corresponding normal vectors of the corner's sides form a basis (x, y, z) in which to represent the direction of an arbitrary incoming ray, [a, b, c].

6. Liquid crystal on silicon - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_crystal_on_silicon

   It consists of an array of pixels that are arranged in a grid pattern. Each pixel is made up of a liquid crystal layer, a reflective layer, and a silicon substrate. The liquid crystal layer controls the polarization of light that passes through it, while the reflective layer reflects the light back towards the optical system.

7. Prism (optics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_(optics)

   Reflective They are typically used to erect the image in binoculars or single-lens reflex cameras – without the prisms the image would be upside down for the user. Prisms are usually made of optical glass which, combined with anti-reflective coating of input and output facets, leads to significantly lower light loss than metallic mirrors.