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Thionyl chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SOCl 2.It is a moderately volatile, colourless liquid with an unpleasant acrid odour.Thionyl chloride is primarily used as a chlorinating reagent, with approximately 45,000 tonnes (50,000 short tons) per year being produced during the early 1990s, [5] but is occasionally also used as a solvent.
Arsenic trichloride can be prepared by the reaction of arsenic oxide and sulfur monochloride. This method requires simple apparatus and proceeds efficiently: [8] 2 As 2 O 3 + 6 S 2 Cl 2 → 4 AsCl 3 + 3 SO 2 + 9 S. A convenient laboratory method is refluxing arsenic(III) oxide with thionyl chloride: [9] 2 As 2 O 3 + 3 SOCl 2 → 2 AsCl 3 + 3 SO 2
Mechanistic and kinetic studies were reported few years later by various researchers. [3] [4] Thionyl chloride first reacts with the alcohol to form an alkyl chloro sulfite, actually forming an intimate ion pair. The second step is the loss of a sulfur dioxide molecule and its replacement by the chloride, which was attached to the sulphite group.
In oxychlorination, hydrogen chloride instead of the more expensive chlorine is used for the same purpose: CH 2 =CH 2 + 2 HCl + 1 ⁄ 2 O 2 → ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl + H 2 O. Secondary and tertiary alcohols react with hydrogen chloride to give the corresponding chlorides. In the laboratory, the related reaction involving zinc chloride in concentrated ...
a mineral acid with many industrial uses; commonly used in the laboratory preparation of hydrogen halides Phosphorus pentachloride: one of the most important phosphorus chlorides; a chlorinating reagent. Also used as a dehydrating agent for oximes which turn them into nitriles. Phosphorus tribromide: used for the conversion of alcohols to alkyl ...
Thionyl chloride can be used in place of acetic anhydride to trigger the elimination for forming the electrophilic intermediate and supplying chloride as the nucleophile to give an α-chloro-thioether: [6] Example of the Pummerer rearrangement using thionyl chloride. Other anhydrides and acyl halides can give similar products. Inorganic acids ...
Key applications of thionyl chloride also include the pharmaceutical, pesticide, dye, and organic synthesis industries, among others. Thionyl chloride's versatile nature allows it to serve as an acylation agent and a dehydrating agent in various chemical reactions, making it indispensable in the synthesis of specialty chemicals, dyes, and reagents.
2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole has been known since the 19th century. It is readily prepared in at least 85% yield from o-phenylenediamine by reaction with two equivalents of thionyl chloride in pyridine. The by-products are sulfur dioxide and HCl. [1] There are a number of alternative methods used to make this heterocycle and these have been reviewed.