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Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of ACL injuries, which are common in athletes and can lead to knee instability and osteoarthritis. Find out the risk factors, such as female anatomy, sports, and neuromuscular imbalances, and the surgical options for repair.
The Lachman test is a knee examination that assesses the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) stability by measuring the amount of anterior translation of the tibia. It is a reliable and sensitive test that can be done in acute or chronic injury settings.
Most ACL tears are a result of a non-contact mechanism such as a sudden change in a direction causing the knee to rotate inward. As the knee rotates inward, additional strain is placed on the ACL, since the femur and tibia, which are the two bones that articulate together forming the knee joint, move in opposite directions, causing the ACL to tear.
Knee injury doctors have long thought that a torn ACL required surgery to fix. New research suggests a non-surgical treatment may be as effective. Torn ACLs may heal with therapy instead of ...
The unhappy triad is an injury to the anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and meniscus, often caused by a lateral blow to the knee. It occurs frequently in contact sports such as football, rugby, or motocross, and can result in instability, pain, and swelling in the knee.
The pivot-shift test [1] is one of the three major tests for assessing anterior cruciate injury or laxity, the other two being the anterior drawer and Lachman test. However, unlike the other two, it tests for instability, an important determinant as to how the knee will function. [ 1 ]
The diagnostic criteria necessary in order to diagnose intellectual disability consists of: A. Deficits in intellectual functions, such as reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, and learning. These deficits are confirmed through clinical assessments and individualized standardized tests.
There are many psychiatric and medical conditions that may mimic some or all of the symptoms of depression or may occur comorbid to it. [11] [12] [13] A disorder either psychiatric or medical that shares symptoms and characteristics of another disorder, and may be the true cause of the presenting symptoms is known as a differential diagnosis. [14]