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Version 7 Unix: /etc listing, showing init and rc Version 7 Unix: contents of an /etc/rc Bourne shell script. In Unix-based computer operating systems, init (short for initialization) is the first process started during booting of the operating system.
The init system is the first daemon to start (during booting) and the last daemon to terminate (during shutdown). Historically this was the "SysV init", which was just called "init". More recent Linux distributions are likely to use one of the more modern alternatives such as systemd. Below is a summary of the main init processes:
launchd has two main tasks. The first is to boot the system, and the second is to load and maintain services.. Here is a simplified view of the Mac OS X Tiger system startup on a PowerPC Mac (on an Intel Mac, EFI replaces Open Firmware and boot.efi replaces BootX):
Initng is a full replacement of the UNIX System V init, the first process spawned by the kernel in Unix-like computer operating systems, which is responsible for the initialization of every other process. Initng's website calls initng "The next generation init system".
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It contains init, which is executed. The Android kernel is a modified version of the Linux kernel. Init does mount the partitions. dm-verity verifies the integrity of the partitions that are specified in the fstab file. dm-verity is a Linux kernel module that was introduced by Google in Android since version 4.4.
runit is an init and service management scheme for Unix-like operating systems that initializes, supervises, and ends processes throughout the operating system.Runit is a reimplementation of the daemontools [3] process supervision toolkit that runs on many Linux-based operating systems, as well as BSD, and Solaris operating systems.
Linux distributions and other operating systems based on the Linux kernel which use Upstart as the default init system: Upstart is used in Google's ChromeOS and ChromiumOS. [8] Linux distributions that support or have supported Upstart to some extent, but moved away since or no longer use it as their default init system: