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What all Neoptera share, however, is the way the muscles in the thorax work: these muscles, rather than attaching to the wings, attach to the thorax and deform it; since the wings are extensions of the thoracic exoskeleton, the deformations of the thorax cause the wings to move as well.
An insect uses its digestive system to extract nutrients and other substances from the food it consumes. [3]Most of this food is ingested in the form of macromolecules and other complex substances (such as proteins, polysaccharides, fats, and nucleic acids) which must be broken down by catabolic reactions into smaller molecules (i.e. amino acids, simple sugars, etc.) before being used by cells ...
The muscles that control flight vary with the two types of flight found in insects: indirect and direct. Insects that use first, indirect, have the muscles attach to the tergum instead of the wings, as the name suggests. As the muscles contract, the thoracic box becomes distorted, transferring the energy to the wing.
Asynchronous muscles produce work when they undergo mechanical oscillations provided there is sufficient Ca 2+. [ 1 ] [ 6 ] This can be achieved in one of two ways. First, two antagonistic muscles can be configured with elastic structures such that the contraction of one muscle stretches the other, causing it to activate and vice versa.
The butterfly isn't just an elegant emblem in Ree's world. In Greek mythology, psyche (which means "soul" or "butterfly") is often depicted with butterfly wings. Butterflies are thus connected to ...
The spiracles can be opened and closed in an efficient manner to reduce water loss. This is done by contracting closer muscles surrounding the spiracle. In order to open, the muscle relaxes. The closer muscle is controlled by the central nervous system but can also react to localized chemical stimuli. Several aquatic insects have similar or ...
Below, she outlines the three main glute muscles and how they work. Gluteus Maximus: The gluteus maximus is primarily responsible for hip extension, external rotation, and helps maintain an ...
The scales on butterfly wings are pigmented with melanins that can produce the colours black and brown. The white colour in the butterfly family Pieridae is a derivative of uric acid, an excretory product. [13] [40]: 84 Bright blues, greens, reds, and iridescence are usually created not by pigments but through the microstructure of the scales.