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The Blalock–Thomas–Taussig shunt (BTT shunt), [1] previously known as the Blalock–Taussig Shunt (BT shunt), [2] is a surgical procedure used to increase blood flow to the lungs in some forms of congenital heart disease [3] such as pulmonary atresia and tetralogy of Fallot, which are common causes of blue baby syndrome. [3]
The timing of surgery depends on the baby's symptoms and size. [8] The procedure involves increasing the size of the pulmonary valve and pulmonary arteries and repairing the ventricular septal defect. [8] In babies who are too small, a temporary surgery may be done with plans for a second surgery when the baby is bigger. [8]
The incidence of univentricular heart malformations is estimated at 0.1 to 0.4 per 1,000 live births. [3] In the neonatal period, these patients depend on an aortopulmonary shunt that is maintained medically with prostaglandin and then surgically with an initial cardiac shunt procedure.
Some babies are born with heart defects which compromise blood flow to the body. In some defects, including tetralogy of Fallot, aortic valvular atresia, and Eisenmenger pulmonary hypertension, alprostadil is given intravenously by a nurse until surgery can be performed to repair the defect. [7] The medication maintains a patent ductus ...
The following are medications commonly prescribed cardiac pharmaceutical agents. The specificity of the following medications is highly variable, and often are not particularly specific to a given class. As such, they are listed as are commonly accepted.
By the time the first shunt was attempted on her, she was in danger of dying. Eileen Saxon's surgery was re-enacted in the documentary Partners of the Heart, produced by Spark Media, and broadcast on American Experience in 2003. [5] The 2004 movie produced by HBO, Something The Lord Made, is a dramatic feature based on the Saxon baby operation.
Atrial septal defect with left-to-right shunt. The left and right sides of the heart are named from a dorsal view, i.e., looking at the heart from the back or from the perspective of the person whose heart it is. There are four chambers in a heart: an atrium (upper) and a ventricle (lower) on both the left and right sides. [1]
The complementary items either require additional infrastructure such as specially trained health care providers or diagnostic equipment or have a lower cost–benefit ratio. [4] The first list for children was created in 2007, and the list is in its 9th edition as of 2023. [4] [5] [6] [7]