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The Blalock–Thomas–Taussig shunt (BTT shunt), [1] previously known as the Blalock–Taussig Shunt (BT shunt), [2] is a surgical procedure used to increase blood flow to the lungs in some forms of congenital heart disease [3] such as pulmonary atresia and tetralogy of Fallot, which are common causes of blue baby syndrome. [3]
The incidence of univentricular heart malformations is estimated at 0.1 to 0.4 per 1,000 live births. [3] In the neonatal period, these patients depend on an aortopulmonary shunt that is maintained medically with prostaglandin and then surgically with an initial cardiac shunt procedure.
By the time the first shunt was attempted on her, she was in danger of dying. Eileen Saxon's surgery was re-enacted in the documentary Partners of the Heart, produced by Spark Media, and broadcast on American Experience in 2003. [5] The 2004 movie produced by HBO, Something The Lord Made, is a dramatic feature based on the Saxon baby operation.
The estimated total cost for one child with cancer (medical costs and lost parental wages) is $833,000. [79] Organizations such as the National Children's Cancer Society and the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society can provide financial assistance for the costs associated with childhood cancer like medical care, home care, child care, and transportation.
In cardiology, a cardiac shunt is a pattern of blood flow in the heart that deviates from the normal circuit of the circulatory system. It may be described as right-left , left-right or bidirectional, or as systemic-to-pulmonary or pulmonary-to-systemic .
[5]: 62 Babies with Down syndrome and other chromosomal defects that cause congenital heart defects may also be at risk of teratology of Fallot. [11] Teratology of fallot is typically treated by open heart surgery in the first year of life. [8] The timing of surgery depends on the baby's symptoms and size. [8]
Arrhythmias: Abnormal heart rhythms can occur due to the congenital defect or secondary to manipulation of cardiac tissue during surgery. [31] Shunt Obstruction: The shunt (mBTTs or Sano) placed during the Norwood procedure that re-establishes pulmonary circulation can become narrowed or obstructed, necessitating urgent intervention. [27]
Atrial septostomy is a surgical procedure in which a small hole is created between the upper two chambers of the heart, the atria.This procedure is primarily used to palliate dextro-Transposition of the great arteries or d-TGA (often imprecisely called transposition of the great arteries), a life-threatening cyanotic congenital heart defect seen in infants.