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Electrospray ionization (ESI) is a technique used in mass spectrometry to produce ions using an electrospray in which a high voltage is applied to a liquid to create an aerosol. It is especially useful in producing ions from macromolecules because it overcomes the propensity of these molecules to fragment when ionized.
Probe electrospray ionization is an ambient ionization mass spectrometry technique developed by Kenzo Hiraoka et al. at the University of Yamanashi, Japan. [4] The technique was developed to address some of the issues associated with traditional electrospray ionization (ESI), including clogging of the capillary and contamination, whilst providing a means of rapid and direct sample analysis.
The Emergency Severity Index (ESI) is a five-level emergency department triage algorithm, initially developed in 1998 by emergency physicians Richard Wurez and David Eitel. [1] It was previously maintained by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) but is currently maintained by the Emergency Nurses Association (ENA).
A typical APCI source usually consists of three main parts: a sample inlet, a corona discharge needle, and an ion transfer region under intermediate pressure. [5] In the case of the heated nebulizer inlet [7] from an LC, as shown in the figure, the eluate flows at 0.2 to 2.0 mL/min into a pneumatic nebulizer which creates a mist of fine droplets.
This cone was described by Sir Geoffrey Ingram Taylor in 1964 before electrospray was "discovered". [1] This work followed on the work of Zeleny [2] who photographed a cone-jet of glycerine in a strong electric field and the work of several others: Wilson and Taylor (1925), [3] Nolan (1926) [4] and Macky (1931). [5]
Microneedles (MNs) consist of micro-sized needles arrays that are made of various materials exhibiting different characteristics and are suitable in the synthesis of different types of MNs. The selection of materials for formation of MNs greatly depends on the strength of skin penetration, manufacturing method, and rate of drug release.
Epidural steroid injection (ESI) is a technique in which corticosteroids and a local anesthetic are injected into the epidural space around the spinal cord in an effort to improve spinal stenosis, spinal disc herniation, or both. It is of benefit with a rare rate of major side effects.
The Birmingham gauge ranges from 5/0 or 00000, the lowest gauge number corresponding to the largest size of 0.500 inches (12.7 mm), to 36, the highest gauge number corresponding to the smallest size of 0.004 inches (0.10 mm).