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The Pama–Nyungan languages are the most widespread family of Australian Aboriginal languages, [1] containing 306 out of 400 Aboriginal languages in Australia. [2] The name "Pama–Nyungan" is a merism: it is derived from the two end-points of the range, the Pama languages of northeast Australia (where the word for "man" is pama) and the Nyungan languages of southwest Australia (where the ...
April McMahon, Understanding Language Change (Cambridge University Press, 1994) ISBN 0-521-44665-1 James Milroy, Linguistic Variation and Change (Blackwell, 1992) ISBN 0-631-14367-X A. C. Partridge, Tudor to Augustan English: a Study in Syntax and Style, from Caxton to Johnson , in series, The Language Library , London: A. Deutsch, 1969; 242 p.
Language change is the process of alteration in the features of a single language, or of languages in general, over time. It is studied in several subfields of linguistics : historical linguistics , sociolinguistics , and evolutionary linguistics .
In overregularization, the regular ways of modifying or connecting words are mistakenly applied to words that require irregular modifications or connections. It is a normal effect observed in the language of beginner and intermediate language-learners, whether native-speaker children or foreign-speaker adults.
The apparent-time hypothesis is a methodological construct in sociolinguistics whereby language change is studied by comparing the speech of individuals of different ages. If language change is taking place, the apparent-time hypothesis assumes that older generations will represent an earlier form of the language and that younger generations will represent a later form.
An indigenous language, or autochthonous language, is a language that is native to a region and spoken by its indigenous peoples. Indigenous languages are not necessarily national languages but they can be; for example, Aymara is both an indigenous language and an official language of Bolivia. Also, national languages are not necessarily ...
A theoretical model of language change in apparent time is built and based on the distribution of the linguistic variable across age groups in a speech community. [ 1 ] Although apparent-time studies are more numerous than real-time studies, the latter have seen an increase in number since 1995, often in the form of restudies of 1960s and 1970s ...
Jan-Petter Blom and John J. Gumperz coined the linguistic term 'metaphorical code-switching' in the late sixties and early seventies. They wanted to "clarify the social and linguistic factors involved in the communication process ... by showing that speaker's selection among semantically, grammatically, and phonologically permissible alternates occurring in conversation sequences recorded in ...