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While both GBS and Zika infection can simultaneously occur in the same individual, it is difficult to definitively identify Zika virus as the cause of GBS. [22] Though Zika virus has been shown to infect human Schwann cells. [23] Several countries affected by Zika outbreaks have reported increases in the rate of new cases of GBS.
Zika fever (also known as Zika virus disease) is an illness caused by Zika virus. [79] Around 80% of cases are estimated to be asymptomatic, though the accuracy of this figure is hindered by the wide variance in data quality, and figures from different outbreaks can vary significantly. [ 80 ]
For example, the human body louse transmits the bacterium Rickettsia prowazekii which causes epidemic typhus. Although invertebrate-transmitted diseases pose a particular threat on the continents of Africa, Asia and South America, there is one way of controlling invertebrate-borne diseases, which is by controlling the invertebrate vector.
Flavivirus, renamed Orthoflavivirus in 2023, [3] is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family Flaviviridae.The genus includes the West Nile virus, dengue virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, Zika virus and several other viruses which may cause encephalitis, [4] as well as insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs) such as cell fusing agent virus (CFAV), Palm Creek ...
The mechanism of transmission of this disease starts with the injection of the parasite into the victim's blood when malaria-infected female Anopheles mosquitoes bite into a human being. The parasite uses human liver cells as hosts for maturation where it will continue to replicate and grow, moving into other areas of the body via the bloodstream.
The Zika virus is a mosquito-borne arbovirus in the genus Flavivirus that exhibits tropism for the human maternal decidua, the fetal placenta, and the umbilical cord. [14] On the cellular level, the Zika virus targets decidual macrophages, decidual fibroblasts , trophoblasts , Hofbauer cells , and mesenchymal stem cells due to their increased ...
Aedes aegypti (UK: / ˈ iː d iː z /; US: / eɪ d z / or / ˈ eɪ d iː z / from Greek αηδής 'hateful' and / eɪ ˈ dʒ ɪ p t i / from Latin, meaning 'of Egypt'), the yellow fever mosquito, is a mosquito that can spread dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika fever, Mayaro and yellow fever viruses, and other disease agents.
In some cases, non-neutralizing antibodies, or an insufficient amount of neutralizing antibodies binding to viral particles, can be utilized by some species of virus to facilitate uptake into their host cells. This mechanism is known as antibody-dependent enhancement. [10] It has been observed for Dengue virus and Zika virus. [11]