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  2. Nihilism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihilism

    With regard to Nietzsche's development of thought, it has been noted in research that although he dealt with "nihilistic" themes from 1869 onwards ("pessimism, with nirvana and with nothingness and non-being" [70]), a conceptual use of nihilism occurred for the first time in handwritten notes in the middle of 1880 (KSA 9.127-128). This was the ...

  3. Philosophical pessimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_pessimism

    Misanthropy is closely related to but not identical with philosophical pessimism; while pessimism emphasizes the inherent suffering of life, misanthropy critiques humanity's moral failings. A philosophical pessimist may argue that the suffering of existence is universal and unavoidable, while a misanthrope may focus on how human actions ...

  4. Friedrich Nietzsche - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche

    With regard to Nietzsche's development of thought, it has been noted in research that although he dealt with "nihilistic" themes ("pessimism, with nirvana and with nothingness and non-being" [185]) from 1869 onwards, a conceptual use of nihilism first took place in handwritten notes in mid-1880. This period saw the publication of a then popular ...

  5. Existential nihilism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_nihilism

    Existential nihilism is the philosophical theory that life has no objective meaning or purpose. [1] The inherent meaninglessness of life is largely explored in the philosophical school of existentialism , where one can potentially create their own subjective "meaning" or "purpose".

  6. Pessimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pessimism

    The term pessimism derives from the Latin word pessimus, meaning 'the worst'.It was first used by Jesuit critics of Voltaire's 1759 novel Candide, ou l'Optimisme.Voltaire was satirizing the philosophy of Leibniz who maintained that this was the 'best (optimum) of all possible worlds'.

  7. Eugene Thacker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Thacker

    Thacker's work has been associated with philosophical nihilism and pessimism, as well as to contemporary philosophies of speculative realism and collapsology. [5] His short book Cosmic Pessimism defines pessimism as "the philosophical form of disenchantment." As Thacker states: "Pessimism is the night-side of thought, a melodrama of the ...

  8. The Human Predicament - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Human_Predicament

    In an earlier 2017 paper The Incoherence of Soft Nihilism, [2] Matheson classifies Benatar—together with Arthur Schopenhauer, Albert Camus, and Thomas Nagel—as a proponent of what he refers to as "soft nihilism," or the belief that there is overall negative value in being alive (as compared to what Matheson calls "affirmationism," which ...

  9. Cynicism (contemporary) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynicism_(contemporary)

    Cynicism is often confused with pessimism or nihilism, perhaps due to their shared association with a lack of faith in humanity. The differences among the three is that cynicism is a distrust by prudence; while due to a sense of defeatism, pessimism is the distrust of potential success.