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A study in 1981 estimated that the dose from using a thorium mantle every weekend for a year would be 3–6 microsieverts (0.3–0.6 mrem), tiny in comparison to the normal annual background radiation dose of around 2.4 mSv (240 mrem), although this assumes the thorium remains intact rather than airborne. A person actually ingesting a mantle ...
Hahn diligently amassed radioactive material by collecting small amounts from household products, such as Americium from smoke detectors, thorium from camping lantern mantles, radium from old clocks he had obtained from an antique store, and tritium from gunsights.
Two radiometric dating methods involve thorium isotopes: uranium–thorium dating, based on the decay of 234 U to 230 Th, and ionium–thorium dating, which measures the ratio of 232 Th to 230 Th. [e] These rely on the fact that 232 Th is a primordial radioisotope, but 230 Th only occurs as an intermediate decay product in the decay chain of ...
A glowing Coleman white gas lantern mantle. The glowing element is mainly ThO 2 doped with CeO 2 , heated by the Ce-catalyzed oxidation of the natural gas with air. Building on its distinct surface interactions, ceria finds further use as a sensor in catalytic converters in automotive applications, controlling the air-exhaust ratio to reduce NO ...
In the 1980s it was reported that Thorium's radio-daughters (Decay products) could be volatilized and released into the air upon incandescence of the mantle. [25] [26] A lawsuit (Wagner v. Coleman) was brought against Coleman. The company changed its formulation to use non-radioactive materials, which apparently cost less and last longer. [27] [28]
Lanthanum oxide additive to tungsten is used in gas tungsten arc welding electrodes, as a substitute for radioactive thorium. [67] [68] Various compounds of lanthanum and other rare-earth elements (oxides, chlorides, triflates, etc.) are components of various catalysis, such as petroleum cracking catalysts. [69]
Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) and technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) consist of materials, usually industrial wastes or by-products enriched with radioactive elements found in the environment, such as uranium, thorium and potassium and any of their decay products, such as radium and radon. [1]
Yttrium is used in gas mantles for propane lanterns as a replacement for thorium, which is radioactive. [71] Garnets. Nd:YAG laser rod 0.5 cm (0.20 in) in diameter ...