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Pentane is an organic compound with the formula C 5 H 12 —that is, an alkane with five carbon atoms. The term may refer to any of three structural isomers, or to a mixture of them: in the IUPAC nomenclature, however, pentane means exclusively the n-pentane isomer, in which case pentanes refers to a mixture of them; the other two are called isopentane (methylbutane) and neopentane ...
It was first used commercially in 1958. [2] Ideally, the isomerization catalyst converts normal pentane (nC5) to isopentane (iC5) and normal hexane (nC6) to 2,2- and 2,3-dimethylbutane. The thermodynamic equilibrium is more favorable at low temperature. [3]
Natural gasoline is a liquid hydrocarbon mixture condensed from natural gas, similar to common gasoline (petrol) derived from petroleum.. The chemical composition of natural gasoline is mostly five- and six-carbon alkanes (pentanes and hexanes) with smaller amounts of alkanes with longer chains. [1]
Physical blowing agents include CFCs (however, these are ozone depletants, banned by the Montreal Protocol of 1987), HCFCs (replaced CFCs, but are still ozone depletants, therefore being phased out), hydrocarbons (e.g. pentane, isopentane, cyclopentane), and liquid CO 2. The bubble/foam-making process is irreversible and endothermic, i.e. it ...
2 (C 2 H 5). Isopentane is a volatile and flammable liquid. It is one of three structural isomers with the molecular formula C 5 H 12, the others being pentane (n-pentane) and neopentane (2,2-dimethylpropane). Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with liquid nitrogen to achieve a liquid bath temperature of −160 °C.
Pentyl is a five-carbon alkyl group or substituent with chemical formula-C 5 H 11.It is the substituent form of the alkane pentane.. In older literature, the common non-systematic name amyl was often used for the pentyl group.
Cyclopentane is a minor component of automobile fuel, with its share in US gasoline varying between 0.2 and 1.6% in early 1990s [8] and 0.1 to 1.7% in 2011. [9] Its research and motor octane numbers are reported as 101 or 103 and 85 or 86 respectively.
There are situations where seemingly identical conformations are not equal in strain energy. Syn-pentane strain is an example of this situation. There are two different ways to put both of the bonds the central in n-pentane into a gauche conformation, one of which is 3 kcal mol −1 higher in energy than the other. [1]