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  2. Kelp forest - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelp_forest

    [1] [2] Although algal kelp forest combined with coral reefs only cover 0.1% of Earth's total surface, they account for 0.9% of global primary productivity. [3] Kelp forests occur worldwide throughout temperate and polar coastal oceans. [1] In 2007, kelp forests were also discovered in tropical waters near Ecuador. [4]

  3. Giant kelp marine forests of south east Australia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_kelp_marine_forests...

    The Giant kelp marine forests of south east Australia is a community extending from the ocean floor to the ocean surface, on a rocky substrate, and has a ‘forest-like’ structure with many organisms occupying its various layers, including pelagic and demersal fishes, sea birds, turtles and marine mammals in addition to the invertebrate ...

  4. Kelp - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelp

    Kelp grows in "underwater forests" (kelp forests) in shallow oceans. Kelps were previously thought to have appeared in the Miocene , 5 to 23 million years ago based on fossils from California. [ 5 ] New fossils of kelp holdfasts from early Oligocene rocks in Washington State show that kelps were present in the northeastern Pacific Ocean by at ...

  5. Marine coastal ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_coastal_ecosystem

    Kelp forests provide important habitats for many fish species, sea otters and sea urchins. Directly and indirectly, marine coastal ecosystems provide vast arrays of ecosystem services for humans, such as cycling nutrients and elements , and purifying water by filtering pollutants.

  6. From urchin crushing to lab-grown kelp, efforts to save ...

    www.aol.com/news/urchin-crushing-lab-grown-kelp...

    “Kelp forms whole forests that are supporting so many other species and so it just has this cascading effect on the near-shore ecosystem when you lose your kelp,” Elsmore said. “You’re ...

  7. Great Southern Reef - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Southern_Reef

    Kelp forests are also some of the world's largest carbon sinks, and the Great Southern Reef therefore acts as a buffer against climate change. [7] Unfortunately, an estimated 95% of the giant kelp forests off the coast of Tasmania have died off over the past few decades due higher water temperatures and the long-spined sea urchin. [6] [8]

  8. Plymouth’s kelp forest to be dedicated to the Queen - AOL

    www.aol.com/plymouth-kelp-forest-dedicated-queen...

    Kelp forests are some of the most diverse and productive ecosystems and in the UK cover an area similar in size to the country’s woodlands.

  9. Macrocystis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrocystis

    Macrocystis is a monospecific genus [3] of kelp (large brown algae) with all species now synonymous with Macrocystis pyrifera. It is commonly known as giant kelp or bladder kelp. This genus contains the largest of all the Phaeophyceae or brown algae. Macrocystis has pneumatocysts at the base of its blades.