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Even though the main function is not in namespace NS, nor is namespace NS in scope, the function NS::f(A&, int) is found because of the declared types of the actual arguments in the function call statement. A common pattern in the C++ Standard Library is to declare overloaded operators that will be found in this manner.
The cast operator is not overloadable, but one can write a conversion operator method which lives in the target class. Conversion methods can define two varieties of operators, implicit and explicit conversion operators. The implicit operator will cast without specifying with the cast operator (()) and the explicit operator requires it to be used.
For example, in C#, namespace System contains code provided by the system (the .NET Framework). How specific these categories are and how deep the hierarchies go differ from language to language. Function and class scopes can be viewed as implicit namespaces that are inextricably linked with visibility, accessibility, and object lifetime.
The namespace identifier is itself a UUID. The specification provides UUIDs to represent the namespaces for URLs, fully qualified domain names, object identifiers, and X.500 distinguished names; but any desired UUID may be used as a namespace designator.
A Uniform Resource Identifier helps identify a source without ambiguity. Many URI schemes are registered with the IANA; however, there exist many unofficial URI schemes as well. Mobile deep links are one example of a class of unofficial URI schemes that allow for linking directly to a specific location in a mobile app.
A Uniform Resource Name (URN) is a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that uses the urn scheme.URNs are globally unique persistent identifiers assigned within defined namespaces so they will be available for a long period of time, even after the resource which they identify ceases to exist or becomes unavailable. [1]
The World Wide Web Consortium recommends that XML namespaces be a Uniform Resource Identifier. "tempuri" is short for Temporary Uniform Resource Identifier. An XML Web service should be identified by a namespace that is controlled by its company. For example, a company's Internet domain name could be used as part of the namespace.
A namespace name does not necessarily imply any of the semantics of URI schemes; for example, a namespace name beginning with http: may have no connotation to the use of the HTTP. Originally, the namespace name could match the syntax of any non-empty URI reference, but the use of relative URI references was deprecated by the W3C. [31]