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Viral vector vaccines enable antigen expression within cells and induce a robust cytotoxic T cell response, unlike subunit vaccines which only confer humoral immunity. [7] [17] In order to transfer a nucleic acid coding for a specific protein to a cell, the vaccines employ a variant of a virus as its vector.
Viral vector-based vaccines, for instance, could eventually offer immunity against HIV-1 and malaria. [ 18 ] While traditional subunit vaccines elicit a humoral response, [ 19 ] viral vectors allow for intracellular antigen expression that activates MHC pathways via both direct and crosspresentation pathways.
AD5-nCOV, trade-named Convidecia, is a single-dose [2] viral vector vaccine for COVID-19 that is also used as an inhaled booster. It was developed by CanSino Biologics, with Phase III trials conducted in Argentina, [3] Chile, [4] Mexico, [5] Pakistan, [6] Russia, [7] and Saudi Arabia [8] with 40,000 participants.
It is a viral vector vaccine based on a human adenovirus that has been modified to contain the gene for making the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID‑19. [5] The body's immune system responds to this spike protein to produce antibodies. [29] The vaccine requires only one dose and does not need to be stored frozen. [30] [31]
Viral vector vaccines use a safe virus to insert pathogen genes in the body to produce specific antigens, such as surface proteins, to stimulate an immune response. [ 67 ] [ 68 ] Viruses being researched for use as viral vectors include adenovirus, vaccinia virus, and VSV .
And the latter, a Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vector encoding the LS2 fused to the C-terminal end of the leader sequence of tPA. The trial reached the phase I/IIa. [9] There are also investigation lines that use the vector for vaccines against the Zika virus (ChAdOx1 ZIKV) [10] and the Chikungunya virus (ChAdOx1 sCHIKV). [11]
The Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, sold under the brand names Vaxzevria [6] and Covishield, [7] is a viral vector vaccine [8] produced by the British University of Oxford, British-Swedish company AstraZeneca, and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations.
Pages in category "Viral vector vaccines" The following 17 pages are in this category, out of 17 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...
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