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  2. Tectonophysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonophysics

    Tectonophysics is concerned with movements in the Earth's crust and deformations over scales from meters to thousands of kilometers. [2] These govern processes on local and regional scales and at structural boundaries, such as the destruction of continental crust (e.g. gravitational instability) and oceanic crust (e.g. subduction), convection in the Earth's mantle (availability of melts), the ...

  3. Window (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_(geology)

    A tectonic window, or fenster (lit. "window" in German), is a geologic structure formed by erosion or normal faulting on a thrust system. In such a system the rock mass (hanging wall block) that has been transported by movement along the thrust is called a nappe.

  4. Fault (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault_(geology)

    A special class of strike-slip fault is the transform fault when it forms a plate boundary. This class is related to an offset in a spreading center, such as a mid-ocean ridge, or, less common, within continental lithosphere, such as the Dead Sea Transform in the Middle East or the Alpine Fault in New Zealand. Transform faults are also referred ...

  5. Tectonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonics

    Extensional tectonics is associated with the stretching and thinning of the crust or the lithosphere.This type of tectonics is found at divergent plate boundaries, in continental rifts, during and after a period of continental collision caused by the lateral spreading of the thickened crust formed, at releasing bends in strike-slip faults, in back-arc basins, and on the continental end of ...

  6. Plate tectonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics

    Tectonic plates are able to move because of the relative density of oceanic lithosphere and the relative weakness of the asthenosphere. Dissipation of heat from the mantle is the original source of the energy required to drive plate tectonics through convection or large scale upwelling and doming.

  7. Tectonic uplift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_uplift

    Tectonic uplift is the geologic uplift of Earth's surface that is attributed to plate tectonics. While isostatic response is important, an increase in the mean elevation of a region can only occur in response to tectonic processes of crustal thickening (such as mountain building events), changes in the density distribution of the crust and ...

  8. Pacific plate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Plate

    The Pacific plate is an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean. At 103 million km 2 (40 million sq mi), it is the largest tectonic plate. [2] The plate first came into existence as a microplate 190 million years ago, at the triple junction between the Farallon, Phoenix, and Izanagi plates. The Pacific plate subsequently grew ...

  9. Megathrust earthquake - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megathrust_earthquake

    Megathrust earthquakes are almost exclusive to tectonic subduction zones and are often associated with the Pacific and Indian Oceans. [5] These subduction zones are also largely responsible for the volcanic activity associated with the Pacific Ring of Fire. [12] Since these earthquakes deform the ocean floor, they often generate strong tsunami ...