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  2. Baroreflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroreflex

    The ability of baroreflex activation therapy to reduce sympathetic nerve activity suggests a potential in the treatment of chronic heart failure, because in this condition there is often intense sympathetic activation and patients with such sympathetic activation show a markedly increased risk of fatal arrhythmias and death. [citation needed]

  3. Cardiac cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_cycle

    The section shows: 1) the opened ventricles contracting once per heartbeat—that is, once per each cardiac cycle; 2) the (partly obscured) mitral valve of the left heart; 3) the tricuspid and pulmonary valves of the right heart—note these paired valves open and close oppositely. + (The aortic valve of the left heart is located below the ...

  4. Baroreceptor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroreceptor

    Hormone secretions that target the heart and blood vessels are affected by the stimulation of baroreceptors. At normal resting blood pressures, baroreceptors discharge with each heart beat. If blood pressure falls, such as on orthostatic hypotension or in hypovolaemic shock , baroreceptor firing rate decreases and baroreceptor reflexes act to ...

  5. Cardiac physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_physiology

    The first heart sound S1, is the sound created by the closing of the atrioventricular valves during ventricular contraction and is normally described as "lub". The second heart sound, S2, is the sound of the semilunar valves closing during ventricular diastole and is described as "dub". [1]

  6. Coronary circulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_circulation

    During contraction of the ventricular myocardium , the subendocardial coronary vessels (the vessels that enter the myocardium) are compressed due to the high ventricular pressures. This compression results in momentary retrograde blood flow (i.e., blood flows backward toward the aorta) which further inhibits perfusion of myocardium during systole.

  7. Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_excitation...

    This rate can be altered, however, by nerves that work to either increase heart rate (sympathetic nerves) or decrease it (parasympathetic nerves), as the body's oxygen demands change. Ultimately, muscle contraction revolves around a charged atom (ion) , calcium (Ca 2+ ) , [ 3 ] which is responsible for converting the electrical energy of the ...

  8. Vasoconstriction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoconstriction

    The narrowing of blood vessels leads to an increase in peripheral resistance, thereby elevating blood pressure. While vasoconstriction is a normal and essential regulatory mechanism for maintaining blood pressure and redistributing blood flow during various physiological processes, its dysregulation can contribute to pathological conditions.

  9. Venous return - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venous_return

    Skeletal muscle pump: Rhythmical contractions of limb muscles as occurs during normal activity such as walking, running, and swimming, promotes venous return.; Decreased venous capacitance: Sympathetic activation of veins decreases venous compliance, increases vasomotor tone, increases central venous pressure and promotes venous return indirectly by augmenting cardiac output through the Frank ...

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