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The concept of additive effect is analogous to the concept of simple addition in mathematics. However, the additive effect is not simply the arithmetic summation of two (or more) drugs in most cases. [20] For an additive inhibition effect, drug A and drug B could each inhibit 20% individually, but the additive effect is not 40%.
Drug Adverse effects Cinchona bark Cinchona pubescens: Warfarin Possible additive effect [3] Chamomile: Blood thinners [23] Devil's Claw: grapple plant, wood spider Harpagophytum: Warfarin Additive effect [3] Ephedra Ephedra: Caffeine, decongestants, stimulants [15] Increases sympathomimetic effect of ephedra [3] Feverfew: featherfew Tanacetum ...
Type A: augmented pharmacological effects, which are dose-dependent and predictable [5]; Type A reactions, which constitute approximately 80% of adverse drug reactions, are usually a consequence of the drug's primary pharmacological effect (e.g., bleeding when using the anticoagulant warfarin) or a low therapeutic index of the drug (e.g., nausea from digoxin), and they are therefore predictable.
Acceptable daily intake or ADI is a measure of the amount of a specific substance (originally applied for a food additive, later also for a residue of a veterinary drug or pesticide) in food or drinking water that can be ingested (orally) daily over a lifetime without an appreciable health risk. [1]
A popular example of drug–food interaction is the effect of grapefruit on the metabolism of drugs. Interactions may occur by simultaneous targeting of receptors , directly or indirectly. For example, both Zolpidem and alcohol affect GABA A receptors , and their simultaneous consumption results in the overstimulation of the receptor, which can ...
The problem began in 2012, when the process for making tetrazole, a chemical intermediate in the production of various angiotensin II inhibitor medications for hypertension (popularly known by their common drug name suffix "sartan") was changed by generic drug manufacturers in favor of several cheaper and more efficient processes.
An "incident" of chemical food contamination may be defined as an episodic occurrence of adverse health effects in humans (or animals that might be consumed by humans) following high exposure to particular chemicals, or instances where episodically high concentrations of chemical hazards were detected in the food chain and traced back to a particular event.
ATS with multiple substitutions on the phenyl ring has a hallucinogenic effect on top of the psychostimulant effect, and are categorised as the ecstasy-class drugs. [4] Amphetamine-type stimulants in general are sympathomimetic amine that stimulates the central nervous system, also proven to cause insomnia, arousal, and reduced hunger.