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Pioneer 11 (also known as Pioneer G) is a NASA robotic space probe launched on April 5, 1973, to study the asteroid belt, the environment around Jupiter and Saturn, the solar wind, and cosmic rays. [2] It was the first probe to encounter Saturn, the second to fly through the asteroid belt, and the second to fly by Jupiter.
Map showing location and trajectories of the Pioneer 10 (blue), Pioneer 11 (green), Voyager 1 (purple) and Voyager 2 (red) spacecraft, as of April 4, 2007 The Pioneer plaque attached to Pioneers 10 and 11. Pioneer 10 (Pioneer F) – Jupiter, interstellar medium, launched March 1972; Pioneer 11 (Pioneer G) – Jupiter, Saturn, interstellar ...
The Pioneer plaques are a pair of gold-anodized aluminum plaques that were placed on board the 1972 Pioneer 10 and 1973 Pioneer 11 spacecraft, featuring a pictorial message, in case either Pioneer 10 or 11 is intercepted by intelligent extraterrestrial life. The plaques show the nude figures of a human male and female along with several symbols ...
The probe entered the interstellar medium on November 5, 2018, at a distance of 119.7 AU (11.1 billion mi; 17.9 billion km) from the Sun [5] and moving at a velocity of 15.341 km/s (34,320 mph) [4] relative to the Sun. Voyager 2 has left the Sun's heliosphere and is traveling through the interstellar medium, though still inside the Solar System ...
As of 2024, there are five interstellar probes, all launched by the American space agency NASA: Voyager 1, Voyager 2, Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11 and New Horizons. Also as of 2024, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 are the only probes to have actually reached interstellar space. [1] The other three are on interstellar trajectories.
Pioneer 11: Pioneer 11: 6 April 1973: Atlas SLV-3D Centaur-D1A [3] NASA: Flyby Successful First probe to reach Saturnian system. Closest approach on 1 September 1979 at 16:31 UTC. Flew past Iapetus, Dione, Mimas, Tethys, Enceladus, Rhea and Titan at long distances. Discovered Epimetheus and Janus. [7] 2 Voyager 2: Voyager 2: 20 August 1977 [2 ...
It overtook Pioneer 11 in 1981, [13] and then Pioneer 10—becoming the probe farthest from the Sun—on February 17, 1998. [14] Voyager 2 is moving faster than all other probes launched before it; it overtook Pioneer 11 in the late 1980s and then Pioneer 10 — becoming the second-farthest spacecraft from the Sun — on July 18, 2023. [15] [16]
The Pioneer program was a series of NASA uncrewed space missions designed for planetary exploration. There were a number of missions in the program, most notably Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 , which explored the outer planets and left the Solar System .