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Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), formerly known as Steno-Fallot tetralogy, [9] is a congenital heart defect characterized by four specific cardiac defects. [4] Classically, the four defects are: [ 4 ] pulmonary stenosis , which is narrowing of the exit from the right ventricle;
The Blalock–Thomas–Taussig shunt (BTT shunt), [1] previously known as the Blalock–Taussig Shunt (BT shunt), [2] is a surgical procedure used to increase blood flow to the lungs in some forms of congenital heart disease [3] such as pulmonary atresia and tetralogy of Fallot, which are common causes of blue baby syndrome. [3]
A diagnosis of TOF is usually made with echocardiography, which can even be done prenatally. Most patients with tetralogy of Fallot will have cardiac repair surgery in the first year of life, where the ventricular septal defect is closed with a patch, and the right ventricular outflow tract is enlarged.
Eisenmenger syndrome or Eisenmenger's syndrome is defined as the process in which a long-standing left-to-right cardiac shunt caused by a congenital heart defect (typically by a ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, or less commonly, patent ductus arteriosus) causes pulmonary hypertension [1] [2] and eventual reversal of the shunt into a cyanotic right-to-left shunt.
Diagnosis [ edit ] An echocardiogram is the most common and specific way to diagnose Ebstein’s anomaly because it effectively shows all 4 chambers of the heart, which displays the distance between the hinge point of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve and the anterior leaflet of the mitral valved (displacement index) to determine if the ...
The first successful operation to treat blue baby syndrome caused by tetralogy of Fallot occurred at Johns Hopkins University in 1944. Through a collaboration between pediatric cardiologist Helen Taussig , surgeon Alfred Blalock , and surgical technician Vivien Thomas , the Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt was created.
Tetralogy of Fallot: pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta: Tetralogy of Fallot Ménière's disease: vertigo, tinnitus, fluctuating low frequency hearing loss, aural fullness: Ménière's disease zoonotic tetrad: scrub typhus, chiggers, rodents and birds, scrub vegetation
The Trilogy of Fallot also called Fallot's trilogy is a rare congenital heart disease consisting of the following defects: pulmonary valve stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy and atrial septal defect. [1] It occurs in 1.2% of all congenital heart defects. [2]