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For guidance after colons, see WP:Manual of Style § Colons. In a list, if each item of the list is a complete sentence, then it should be capitalized like any other sentence. If the list items are sentence fragments, then capitalization should be consistent – sentence case should be applied to either all or none of the items.
The APA would cap after a colon in sentence case headings and titles. More generally, only a complete sentence after a colon is capitalised (see here). The AGSM uses sentence case for headings and makes no exception after a colon generally when in a heading or title. It would only cap after a colon for a complete sentence (see here).
Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Capital letters#RfC on capitalization after a colon or dash 27 Oct 2023 – Result Letters after a colon or dash may be capitalized. Minor changes to MOS specific pages and sections. Talk:List of Ayatollahs#Requested move 17 October 2023 – Lowercase for plural of title?
It says that the first word after a colon is also capitalized when what follows the colon is an independent clause (emphasis mine), not in every case after a colon. Still, while APA suggest this, the Chicago Manual of Style suggest using lowercase after colon, unless what follows consists of two or more complete sentences . [ 1 ] —
A colon is usually preceded by a complete grammatical sentence, but need not be if the intent is clear. For anything normally capitalized (proper name, etc.), retain the capital after a colon. Prefer to capitalize the first letter of a complete sentence after a colon, always for multiple sentences or a quoted sentence.
In printing, normal sentence case may be substituted by UPPER CASE or "all caps" (all letters are capitalized), and Title Case (where the first letter of each word is capitalized). Capitals are sometimes used and sometimes not used after a colon, [5] although they are used in some citation systems such as APA style when beginning an independent ...
Do not capitalize "the" when using it in this way. Some derived adjectives are capitalized by convention, and some are not (biblical, but Quranic); if unsure, check a dictionary. Honorifics for deities, including proper names and titles, start with a capital letter (God, Allah, the Lord, the Supreme Being, the Great Spirit, the Horned One ...
Long spaces are correct only between complete sentences, not after every colon. If you want to have a long space these days, you should use a proper long space, not an ugly and problem-riddled substitute. Typesetting software generally automatically elongate spaces. You have to inhibit that where the automatic gets it wrong.