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Before 400 Roman authors use the term "Saxon" to refer to raiders from north of the Rhine delta, who troubled the coasts of the North Sea and English channel. [2] The area of present day England was part of the Roman province of Britannia from 43 AD until the 5th century, although starting from the crisis of the third century it was often ruled by Roman usurpers who were in conflict with the ...
From the Anglo-Saxon side, the consciously Saxon historian Bede also writes about the settlement in his Ecclesiastical History of the English People. He also takes the view that this was an invasion of three tribes - the Angles , the Saxons and the Jutes - at a specific date 449 AD. [ 2 ]
[7] [8] In the Covent Garden area, excavations in 1985 and 2005 have uncovered an extensive Anglo-Saxon settlement that dates back to the 7th century. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The excavations show that the settlement covered about 600,000 m 2 (6,500,000 sq ft), stretching along the north side of the Strand (i.e. "the beach") from the present-day National ...
In 865, an enlarged army arrived that the Anglo-Saxons described as the Great Heathen Army. This was reinforced in 871 by the Great Summer Army. [95] Within ten years nearly all of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms fell to the invaders: Northumbria in 867, East Anglia in 869, and nearly all of Mercia in 874–77. [95]
In modern times, the term "Anglo-Saxons" is used by scholars to refer collectively to the Old English speaking groups in Britain. As a compound term, it has the advantage of covering the various English-speaking groups on the one hand, and to avoid possible misunderstandings from using the terms "Saxons" or "Angles" (English), both of which terms could be used either as collectives referring ...
Deifr (Deira) which encompassed modern-day Teesside, Wearside, Tyneside, Humberside, Lindisfarne , and the Farne Islands fell to the Anglo-Saxons in 559 AD and Deira became an Anglo-Saxon kingdom after this point. [37] Caer Went had officially disappeared by 575 AD becoming the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of East Anglia.
The Kingdom of the South Saxons, today referred to as the Kingdom of Sussex (/ ˈ s ʌ s ɪ k s /; from Middle English: Suth-sæxe, in turn from Old English: Suth-Seaxe or Sūþseaxna rīce, meaning "(land or people of/Kingdom of) the South Saxons"), was one of the seven traditional kingdoms of the Heptarchy of Anglo-Saxon England. [6]
Mercia (/ ˈ m ɜːr s i ə,-ʃ ə,-s i ə /, [1] [2] Old English: Miercna rīċe, "kingdom of the border people"; Latin: Merciorum regnum) was one of the three main Anglic kingdoms founded after Sub-Roman Britain was settled by Anglo-Saxons in an era called the Heptarchy.