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Raising the serum sodium concentration too rapidly may cause central pontine myelinolysis (also known as osmotic demyelination). [18] Sodium correction should be no greater than 10 mEq/L/day, with a correction no greater than 8 mEq/L/day in those at high risk of osmotic demyelination. [2]
Miscellaneous causes that are not included under the above classification scheme include the following: False or pseudo hyponatremia is caused by a false lab measurement of sodium due to massive increases in blood triglyceride levels or extreme elevation of immunoglobulins as may occur in multiple myeloma. [12]
The complications of diabetes can dramatically impair quality of life and cause long-lasting disability. Overall, complications are far less common and less severe in people with well-controlled blood sugar levels. [3] [4] [5] Some non-modifiable risk factors such as age at diabetes onset, type of diabetes, gender, and genetics may influence risk.
Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (usually type 2) in which an extremely high blood sugar level and dehydration alone are sufficient to cause unconsciousness. In most medical contexts, the term diabetic coma refers to the diagnostical dilemma posed when a physician is confronted with an unconscious patient about whom nothing is known except that ...
The leading cause of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes is the failure of insulin to suppress glucose production by glycolysis and gluconeogenesis due to insulin resistance. [39] Insulin normally inhibits glycogenolysis, but fails to do so in a condition of insulin resistance, resulting in increased glucose production. [ 40 ]
Potassium replacement is often required as the metabolic problems are corrected. [3] Efforts to prevent diabetic foot ulcers are also important. [3] It typically takes a few days for the person to return to baseline. [3] While the exact frequency of the condition is unknown, it is relatively common. [2] [4] Older people are most commonly ...
A woman ended up in the hospital after mistakenly pouring nail glue into her eye. Brianne Shipley, who uses the username @breezybre416 on TikTok, posted a video of herself sitting in the hospital ...
Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease) is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes.It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries and one of the lead causes of sight loss in the world, even though there are many new therapies and improved treatments for helping people live with diabetes.