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Mastoiditis is the result of an infection that extends to the air cells of the skull behind the ear. Specifically, it is an inflammation of the mucosal lining of the mastoid antrum and mastoid air cell system inside [1] the mastoid process. The mastoid process is the portion of the temporal bone of the skull that is behind the ear.
Discharge followed by pain improvement Mastoiditis* Children History of URI >10 days Recent history of URI or ear infection Fevers/chills May see signs of otitis media on exam Pain is located behind the ear with postauricular (i.e. near mastoid process) swelling* Diagnose with CT Chronic suppurative otitis media: Conductive hearing loss
The inner ear includes sensory organs for balance and hearing. When the inner ear is inflamed, vertigo is a common symptom. Other symptoms in adults include pain and drainage from ear or problems with hearing. [8] Symptoms in children can include excessive crying, touching at ears, drainage, and fever. [8]
Gradenigo's syndrome, also called Gradenigo-Lannois syndrome, [1] [2] is a complication of otitis media and mastoiditis involving the apex of the petrous temporal bone. It was first described by Giuseppe Gradenigo in 1904. [3]
Other less common symptoms (all less than 15%) of cholesteatoma may include pain, balance disruption, tinnitus, earache, headaches and bleeding from the ear. [2] There can also be facial nerve weakness. Balance symptoms in the presence of a cholesteatoma raise the possibility that the cholesteatoma is eroding the balance organs in the inner ear ...
Bezold's abscess is an abscess deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle where pus from mastoiditis erodes through the cortex of the mastoid part of the temporal bone, medial to the attachment of sternocleidomastoid, extends into the infratemporal fossa, and deep to the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia.
Infections in the middle ear easily spread into the mastoid air cells through the aditus ad antrum, resulting in mastoiditis, a potentially dangerous and life-threatening condition. Infection may then further spread into the middle cranial fossa or posterior cranial fossa, causing meningitis or abscess of adjacent brain tissue.
Battle's sign, also known as mastoid ecchymosis, is an indication of fracture of middle cranial fossa of the skull. These fractures may be associated with underlying brain trauma . Battle's sign consists of bruising over the mastoid process as a result of extravasation of blood along the path of the posterior auricular artery . [ 1 ]