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In population survey and questionnaire pretesting, a respondent is a research participant replying with answers or feedback to a survey. [2] [3] Depending on the survey questions and context, respondent answers may represent themselves as individuals, a household or organization of which they are a part, or as a proxy to another individual.
A survey using a Likert style response set. This is one example of a type of survey that can be highly vulnerable to the effects of response bias. Response bias is a general term for a wide range of tendencies for participants to respond inaccurately or falsely to questions.
In a civil lawsuit, a defendant (or a respondent) is also the accused party, although not of an offense, but of a civil wrong (a tort or a breach of contract, for instance). The person who starts the civil action through filing a complaint is referred to as the plaintiff (also known as the appellant).
If multiple questions are being used to measure one construct, some of the questions should be worded in the opposite direction to evade response bias. [26] A respondent's answer to an open-ended question can be coded into a response scale afterwards, [28] or analysed using more qualitative methods.
A plaintiff (Π in legal shorthand) is the party who initiates a lawsuit (also known as an action) before a court.By doing so, the plaintiff seeks a legal remedy.If this search is successful, the court will issue judgment in favor of the plaintiff and make the appropriate court order (e.g., an order for damages).
[2] [3] [4] This may result in inaccuracies in the attitudes being measured for the question, as the respondent can answer only one of the two questions, and cannot indicate which one is being answered. [5] Many double-barreled questions can be detected by the existence of the grammatical conjunction "and" in them.
Even neutral questions can lead witnesses to answers based on word choice, response framing, assumptions made, and form. The words "fast", "collision" and "How", for example, can alter speed estimates provided by respondents. [6] When someone asks a leading question, they expect the other person to agree with the leading question.
Vicarious liability is a form of a strict, secondary liability that arises under the common law doctrine of agency, respondeat superior, the responsibility of the superior for the acts of their subordinate or, in a broader sense, the responsibility of any third party that had the "right, ability, or duty to control" the activities of a violator.