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For a fixed mass of an ideal gas kept at a fixed temperature, pressure and volume are inversely proportional. [2] Boyle's law is a gas law, stating that the pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship. If volume increases, then pressure decreases and vice versa, when the temperature is held constant.
Isotherms of an ideal gas for different temperatures. The curved lines are rectangular hyperbolae of the form y = a/x. They represent the relationship between pressure (on the vertical axis) and volume (on the horizontal axis) for an ideal gas at different temperatures: lines that are farther away from the origin (that is, lines that are nearer to the top right-hand corner of the diagram ...
Water density calculator Archived July 13, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Water density for a given salinity and temperature. Liquid density calculator Select a liquid from the list and calculate density as a function of temperature. Gas density calculator Calculate density of a gas for as a function of temperature and pressure.
Given that the head loss h f expresses the pressure loss Δp as the height of a column of fluid, = where ρ is the density of the fluid. The Darcy–Weisbach equation can also be written in terms of pressure loss:
In the same conditions of temperature and pressure, the molar mass is proportional to the mass density. Therefore, the rates of diffusion of different gases are inversely proportional to the square roots of their mass densities: where: ρ is the mass density.
The van der Waals equation of state may be written as (+) =where is the absolute temperature, is the pressure, is the molar volume and is the universal gas constant.Note that = /, where is the volume, and = /, where is the number of moles, is the number of particles, and is the Avogadro constant.
The pressure exerted by a column of liquid of height h and density ρ is given by the hydrostatic pressure equation p = ρgh, where g is the gravitational acceleration. Fluid density and local gravity can vary from one reading to another depending on local factors, so the height of a fluid column does not define pressure precisely.
The change in pressure over distance dx is dp and flow velocity v = dx / dt . Apply Newton's second law of motion (force = mass × acceleration) and recognizing that the effective force on the parcel of fluid is −A dp. If the pressure decreases along the length of the pipe, dp is negative but the force resulting in flow is positive ...