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Colombia is one of seventeen megadiverse countries in the world. [7] The country in northwestern South America contains 311 types of coastal and continental ecosystems. [1] As of the beginning of 2021, a total of between 63,000 and 71,000 species are registered in the country, [8] [5] with 8803 endemic species, representing near the 14% of the total registered species. [6]
Colombia has the largest number of endemic species (species that are not found naturally anywhere else) worldwide. About 10% of the species in the world live in Colombia. [ 2 ] Some determinant factors in the distribution range of the species are the weather conditions, temperature , humidity and sunlight availability.
Colombia, [b] officially the Republic of Colombia, [c] is a country primarily located in South America with insular regions in North America.The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuela to the east and northeast, Brazil to the southeast, Peru and Ecuador to the south and southwest, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and Panama to the northwest.
The National System of Protected Areas (Spanish: Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas) (SINAP) is the Colombian national park administrator. It is a department under the Ministry of the Environment, Housing and Regional Development responsible for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity.
The protected areas of Colombia are grouped into the National System of Protected Areas. As of 2018, there are 59 nationally protected areas which cover about 169,545 km 2 (65,462 sq mi) and represent more than 14% of the country's area.
Colombia's capital city, Bogotá, is the country's largest population center. With over 7 million people, it is also one of the biggest cities in Latin America. [16] Bogotá also has the highest rate of air pollution in Colombia and it has surged most recently as a result of the expansion of cars in the city. [17]
The Pacific Region is located on Colombia's western, Pacific coast, and covers an area of 83,170 km 2 (32,110 sq mi). It extends from the Gulf of Urabá in the north to the border with Ecuador in the south, and includes part of the departments of Nariño, Cauca and Valle de Cauca, and the whole of Chocó Department.
East Andes (Norte de Santander), 1400–2000 m [21] Anolis lamari-East slope of Central Andes: Endemic: Anolis latifrons-Pacific lowlands, to 600 m: Anolis limon [22]-Northwest Colombia (Chocó) Anolis maculigula: Rueda's Anole: Northwest Colombia (Antioquia & Chocó), to 850 m: Endemic; Vulnerable [23] Anolis megalopithecus: Ruida's Anole