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A wooden window grill in Plaza del Conde del Real, Valencia ().The structure was probably used as a stable. Grille, and control for an air duct. A grille or grill (French word from Latin craticula, small grill) is an opening of several slits side-by-side in a wall, metal sheet or another barrier, usually to allow air or water to enter and/or leave and prevent larger objects (such as animals ...
For example, there might be lath-and-plaster walls, or in colder areas thatch walls; these are still used in rustic teahouses and historic buildings (see images). Bark-and-bamboo walls, clapboard, and board-and-batten walls were also used. [91] Where affordable, though, the tendency was against permanent walls.
This yields to a 77% reduction in heating load and a 70% reduction in the cost for winter heating requirements. [14] In 1974, the first example of Trombe wall system was used in the Kelbaugh House in Princeton, New Jersey. [4] The house is located along the northern boundary of the site to maximize the unshaded access to available sunlight.
Placement of room-types, internal doors and walls, and equipment in the house. Orienting the building to face the equator (or a few degrees to the East to capture the morning sun) [9] Extending the building dimension along the east–west axis; Adequately sizing windows to face the midday sun in the winter, and be shaded in the summer.
Thatch walls: more images: Vertical thatching Insulates; historically common in colder areas. Used on historic properties Tate-ita: Board-and-batten wall: Vertical boards, the seams covered with thinner laths called battens. [1] [27] Shitami-ita: more images: Battened clapboard wall [1] [28] Clapboarding with notched vertical battens over the ...
In the case of windows, the bottom span is referred to as a sill, but, unlike a lintel, does not serve to bear a load to ensure the integrity of the wall. Modern-day lintels may be made using prestressed concrete and are also referred to as beams in beam-and-block slabs or as ribs in rib-and-block slabs.
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The bottom of a window frame sits on top of the window sill of the wall opening. [1] A window sill may span the entire width of a wall from inside to outside, as is often the case in basic masonry construction, making it visible on both the interior and exterior of the building. In such a case, the exterior window sill and interior window sill ...