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Activation cascade of thermogenin in cells of brown adipose tissue. Non-shivering thermogenesis occurs in brown adipose tissue (brown fat) [3] that is present in almost all eutherians (swine being the only exception currently known [4] [5]). [6]
In addition to heat produced by shivering muscle, brown adipose tissue produces heat by non-shivering thermogenesis. The therapeutic targeting of brown fat for the treatment of human obesity is an active research field. [10] [11]
UCP1 is expressed in brown adipose tissue, which is functionally found only in eutherians. The UCP1, or thermogenin, gene likely arose in an ancestor of modern vertebrates, but did not initially allow for our vertebrate ancestor to use non-shivering thermogenesis for warmth.
Both processes consume energy, however high-intensity shivering uses glucose as a fuel source and low-intensity tends to use fats. This is a primary reason why animals store up food in the winter. [citation needed] Brown adipocytes are also capable of producing heat via a process called non-shivering thermogenesis. In this process ...
Additionally, almost all eutherian mammals (with the only known exception being swine) have brown adipose tissue whose mitochondria are capable of non-shivering thermogenesis. [8] This process involves the direct dissipation of the mitochondrial gradient as heat via an uncoupling protein , thereby "uncoupling" the gradient from its usual ...
Brown fat or brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized form of adipose tissue important for adaptive thermogenesis in humans and other mammals. BAT can generate heat by "uncoupling" the respiratory chain of oxidative phosphorylation within mitochondria through tissue-specific expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). [60]
The newest and most advanced device in the non-invasive fat removal arena is the TruSculpt ID machine, something that Dr. Palep swears by. In simplest terms, the machine works on six pockets of ...
In shivering, the heat is the main intended product and is utilized for warmth. [citation needed] Newborn babies, infants, and young children experience a greater (net) heat loss than adults because of greater surface-area-to-volume ratio. As they cannot shiver to maintain body heat, [citation needed] they rely on non-shivering thermogenesis.