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Arne Jouttijärvi writes of three sites at which hammerscale deposits and concentration were used to map the areas of smithies in Viking Age pithouses in modern-day Denmark and Norway. For example, he writes how the "blacksmith himself shielded the floor where he stood, leaving a 'shadow' in the distribution of hammer scale."
Map of Europe based on Strabo's geography, showing the Cassiterides just off the northwest tip of Iberia By classical Greek times, the tin sources were well established. Greece and the Western Mediterranean appear to have traded their tin from European sources, while the Middle East acquired their tin from Central Asian sources through the Silk ...
Smithing is one of the oldest metalworking occupations. Shaping metal with a hammer ( forging ) is the archetypical component of smithing. Often the hammering is done while the metal is hot, having been heated in a forge .
Smithing process in Mediterranean environment, Valencian Museum of Ethnology. Blacksmiths work by heating pieces of wrought iron or steel until the metal becomes soft enough for shaping with hand tools, such as a hammer, an anvil and a chisel. Heating generally takes place in a forge fueled by propane, natural gas, coal, charcoal, coke, or oil.
The first known description of Whitesmith is from 1686: [5] The Iron thus prepared, is used both by the White and Black-Smiths of this County, according as the condition of their wares require; it being forged by the former, into Sithes, Reaping-hooks, Axes, Hatchets, Bills, &c…which being ground at the blade-mills to a bright edge they have given this sort of Artisans that make them, the ...
The Baqdadi goldsmith by Kamal-ol-molk. A goldsmith is a metalworker who specializes in working with gold and other precious metals.Modern goldsmiths mainly specialize in jewelry-making but historically, they have also made silverware, platters, goblets, decorative and serviceable utensils, and ceremonial or religious items.
Ausonius attests the use of a water mill for sawing stone in his poem Mosella from the 4th century AD. They could easily have adapted the technology to crush ore using tilt hammers , and just such is mentioned by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia dating to about 75 AD, and there is evidence for the method from Dolaucothi in South Wales .
Embossed silver sarcophagus of Saint Stanislaus in the Wawel Cathedral, created in the main centers of 17th-century European silversmithery – Augsburg and Gdańsk [1]. A silversmith is a metalworker who crafts objects from silver.