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Saline solution for irrigation. Normal saline (NSS, NS or N/S) is the commonly used phrase for a solution of 0.90% w/v of NaCl, 308 mOsm/L or 9.0 g per liter. Less commonly, this solution is referred to as physiological saline or isotonic saline (because it is approximately isotonic to blood serum, which makes it a physiologically normal solution).
a spray (such as for insufflation)- nebulizer NMT not more than noct. nocte: at night non rep. non repetatur: no repeats (no refills) NPO, n.p.o. nil per os: nothing by mouth AMA style avoids use of this abbreviation (spell out "nothing by mouth") NS normal saline (0.9%) 1/2NS half-normal saline (0.45%) NTE not to exceed o 2, o 2 both eyes
Regular use of hypertonic saline nebulizers [5] Low dose inhaled steroids may help decrease airway inflammation and swelling [5] Inhaled Ipratropium may help decrease secretions and stiffen smaller airways [5] Antibiotics during active respiratory infection may decrease severity and length of symptoms [5]
Nasal irrigation (also called nasal lavage, nasal toilet, or nasal douche) is a personal hygiene practice in which the nasal cavity is washed to flush out mucus and debris from the nose and sinuses, in order to enhance nasal breathing.
Isotonic solutions have the same salt concentration as the human body, whereas hypertonic solutions have a higher salt content and hypotonic solutions have a lower salt content. Isotonic saline nasal sprays are commonly used in infants and children to wash out the thick mucus from the nose in case of allergic rhinitis .
Various asthma guidelines, such as the Global Initiative for Asthma Guidelines [GINA], the British Guidelines on the management of Asthma, The Canadian Pediatric Asthma Consensus Guidelines, and United States Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Asthma each recommend metered dose inhalers in place of nebulizer-delivered therapies. [3]
Pulmonary drug delivery is mainly utilized for topical applications in the lungs, such as the use of inhaled beta-agonists, corticosteroids and anticholinergic agents for the treatment of asthma and COPD, the use of inhaled mucolytics and antibiotics for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CT) and respiratory viral infections, [1] and the use of inhaled prostacyclin analogs for the treatment of ...
Ringer's solution technically refers only to the saline component, without lactate. Some countries instead use a Ringer's acetate solution or Ringer-acetate, which has similar properties. This was thought to be helpful when analyzing blood-lactate for signs of anaerobic metabolism (e.g. present with septic shock, hypovolemic shock).