Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Galley proof, a preliminary version of a publication; Prepress proof, a facsimile of press artwork for job verification; Proof coinage, coins once made as a test, but now specially struck for collectors; Proof of concept, demonstration that a concept has practical potential; Proof test, stress test of structures such as vessels and weapons
Gorenstein and Lyons's proof for the case of rank at least 4 was 731 pages long, and Aschbacher's proof of the rank 3 case adds another 159 pages, for a total of 890 pages. 1983 Selberg trace formula. Hejhal's proof of a general form of the Selberg trace formula consisted of 2 volumes with a total length of 1322 pages. Arthur–Selberg trace ...
An elementary proof is a proof which only uses basic techniques. More specifically, the term is used in number theory to refer to proofs that make no use of complex analysis . For some time it was thought that certain theorems, like the prime number theorem , could only be proved using "higher" mathematics.
Proof theory is a major branch [1] of mathematical logic and theoretical computer science within which proofs are treated as formal mathematical objects, ...
The first complete proof was given by Hilbert in 1896. In 1879, Alfred Kempe published a purported proof of the four color theorem, whose validity as a proof was accepted for eleven years before it was refuted by Percy Heawood. Peter Guthrie Tait gave another incorrect proof in 1880 which was shown to be incorrect by Julius Petersen in 1891.
The subject of logic, in particular proof theory, formalizes and studies the notion of formal proof. [8] In some areas of epistemology and theology, the notion of justification plays approximately the role of proof, [9] while in jurisprudence the corresponding term is evidence, [10] with "burden of proof" as a concept common to both philosophy ...
Historical method is the collection of techniques and guidelines that historians use to research and write histories of the past. Secondary sources, primary sources and material evidence such as that derived from archaeology may all be drawn on, and the historian's skill lies in identifying these sources, evaluating their relative authority, and combining their testimony appropriately in order ...
It was the Pythagoreans who coined the term "mathematics", and with whom the study of mathematics for its own sake begins. The Pythagoreans are credited with the first proof of the Pythagorean theorem, [44] though the statement of the theorem has a long history, and with the proof of the existence of irrational numbers.