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Midazolam, sold under the brand name Versed among others, is a benzodiazepine medication used for anesthesia, premedication before surgical anesthesia, and procedural sedation, and to treat severe agitation. [12] It induces sleepiness, decreases anxiety, and causes anterograde amnesia. [12]
Additionally, IV sedation is frequently administered as a concoction of several agents including those previously mentioned for induction and maintenance of anesthesia, as well as a benzodiazepine (usually midazolam, but temazepam or flunitrazepam are also used via the oral route [4]) and a narcotic/systemic analgesic such as demerol or fentanyl.
Fentanyl is a highly potent synthetic piperidine opioid primarily used as an analgesic. ... releasing yet more fentanyl. Reduced sedation, losing a useful early ...
Moderate or “Twilight” sedation: You might doze off while under moderate sedation, but most likely you will be in a relaxed, drowsy state, achieved through medications such as ketamine, Versed ...
Fentanyl provides analgesia and sedative properties; it does not have any amnestic effects. It was commonly used with midazolam for effective PSA prior to propofol and etomidate. The major complication of fentanyl is respiratory depression, which can be made worse when given with other sedative agents.
Sedation scales are used in medical situations in conjunction with a medical history in assessing the applicable degree of sedation in patients in order to avoid under-sedation (the patient risks experiencing pain or distress) and over-sedation (the patient risks side effects such as suppression of breathing, which might lead to death).
Midazolam is metabolized in the liver and is excreted through the kidneys. [9] When midazolam is used alone, it has few side effects, but can cause respiratory depression if being used together with fentanyl. [8] Fentanyl – It is a synthetic, centrally-acting opioid. It suppresses pain and sympathetic stimulation.
Fentanyl for systemic analgesia during intubation; Propofol for sedation for intubation; Switching from oxygen to a mixture of oxygen and inhalational anesthetic once intubation is complete; Laryngoscopy and intubation are both very stimulating. The process of induction blunts the response to these manoeuvres while simultaneously inducing a ...