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A theory is ontologically committed to an entity if that entity must exist in order for the theory to be true. [9] Meta-ontology is interested in, among other things, what the ontological commitments of a given theory are. [2] [10] For this inquiry it is not important whether the theory and its commitments are true or false. Ontology, on the ...
And depending on the choice of your root metaphor, different criteria exist as to what constitutes good evidence. Pepper presents two types of world hypotheses: inadequate and relatively adequate hypotheses. The two inadequate systems are identified as mysticism and animism.
The philosophical concept of (scientific) structuralism is related to that of epistemic structural realism (ESR). [3] ESR, a position originally and independently held by Henri Poincaré (1902), [8] [9] Bertrand Russell (1927), [10] and Rudolf Carnap (1928), [11] was resurrected by John Worrall (1989), who proposes that there is retention of structure across theory change.
An ontological commitment of a person or a theory is an entity that exists according to them. [61] For instance, a person who believes in God has an ontological commitment to God . [ 62 ] Ontological commitments can be used to analyze which ontologies people explicitly defend or implicitly assume.
Conceptual metaphors are useful for understanding complex ideas in simple terms and therefore are frequently used to give insight to abstract theories and models. For example, the conceptual metaphor of viewing communication as a conduit is one large theory explained with a metaphor. So not only is our everyday communication shaped by the ...
Anthropocentrism is the privileging of humans as "subjects" over and against nonhuman beings as "objects". Philosophical anthropocentrism tends to limit certain attributes (e.g., mind, autonomy, moral agency, reason) to humans, while contrasting all other beings as variations of "object" (that is, things that obey deterministic laws, impulses, stimuli, instincts, and so on).
Individuals (instances) are the basic, "ground level" components of an ontology. The individuals in an ontology may include concrete objects such as people, animals, tables, automobiles, molecules, and planets, as well as abstract individuals such as numbers and words (although there are differences of opinion as to whether numbers and words are classes or individuals).
Russian functional linguist Roman Jakobson was a pivotal figure in the adaptation of structural analysis to disciplines beyond linguistics, including philosophy, anthropology, and literary theory. Jakobson was a decisive influence on anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss , by whose work the term structuralism first appeared in reference to social ...