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The detailed semantics of "the" ternary operator as well as its syntax differs significantly from language to language. A top level distinction from one language to another is whether the expressions permit side effects (as in most procedural languages) and whether the language provides short-circuit evaluation semantics, whereby only the selected expression is evaluated (most standard ...
OCaml expressions provide ternary operations against records, arrays, and strings: a.[b]<-c would mean the string a where index b has value c. [6] The multiply–accumulate operation is another ternary operator. Another example of a ternary operator is between, as used in SQL.
Some languages have an operator form of an if statement, such as C's ternary operator. Perl supplements a C-style if with when and unless. Smalltalk uses ifTrue and ifFalse messages to implement conditionals, rather than any fundamental language construct.
The syntax of JavaScript is the set of rules that define a correctly structured JavaScript program. The examples below make use of the log function of the console object present in most browsers for standard text output .
and | are bitwise operators that occur in many programming languages. The major difference is that bitwise operations operate on the individual bits of a binary numeral, whereas conditional operators operate on logical operations. Additionally, expressions before and after a bitwise operator are always evaluated.
In a language that supports the Elvis operator, something like this: x = f() ?: g() will set x equal to the result of f() if that result is truthy, and to the result of g() otherwise. It is equivalent to this example, using the conditional ternary operator: x = f() ? f() : g() except that it does not evaluate f() twice if it yields truthy.
For details and examples see Case (SQL). ^ Fortran 90 added the MERGE intrinsic. Fortran 2023 added the C-like ternary operator. ^ Pattern matching was added in Ruby 3.0. [16] Some pattern matching constructs are still experimental. ^ Arithmetic if was marked as obsolescent in Fortran 90. It was deleted as of the Fortran 2018 Standard.
Most programming languages support binary operators and a few unary operators, with a few supporting more operands, such as the ?: operator in C, which is ternary. There are prefix unary operators, such as unary minus -x, and postfix unary operators, such as post-increment x++; and binary operations are infix, such as x + y or x = y.