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The eyes of most salamanders are adapted primarily for vision at night. In some permanently aquatic species, they are reduced in size and have a simplified retinal structure, and in cave dwellers such as the Georgia blind salamander , they are absent or covered with a layer of skin.
Some species have only rudimentary (or even absent) eyes (blind salamanders). Others lack pigmentation, rendering them a pale yellowish or pinkish color (e.g., Eurycea rathbuni ). With the notable exception of the olm ( Proteus anguinus ), all "cave salamanders" are members of the family Plethodontidae ("lungless salamanders").
Eyes are small and the eyesight bad. [8] Distribution and habitat ... The Chinese giant salamander eats aquatic insects, fish, frogs, crabs, and shrimp. [10]
In species like the Mexican tetra, some populations may retain their eyes, while others have varying stages of eye loss, and can interbreed with one another. [4] Other species like the cave amphipod also display this relationship of surface and subterranean populations retaining a species relationship, adding to the complexity in understanding ...
The species has a broad, flat snout and head, and vestigial eyes beneath that are covered by skin. Like other neotenous salamanders, it has external gills for absorbing oxygen from the water. The salamander's mature length is around 13 cm (5 in). The forelimbs carry four digits and the hind limbs possess five digits. [5]
The parietal eye is found in the tuatara, most lizards, frogs, salamanders, certain bony fish, sharks, and lampreys. [7] [8] [9] It is absent in mammals but was present in their closest extinct relatives, the therapsids, suggesting that it was lost during the course of the mammalian evolution due to it being useless in endothermic animals. [10]
The Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) is one of the largest salamanders and one of the largest amphibians in the world. [4] It is fully aquatic, and is endemic to rocky mountain streams and lakes in the Yangtze river basin of central China. It has also been introduced to Kyoto Prefecture in Japan, and possibly to Taiwan.
Japanese giant salamanders in Tottori Prefecture, Japan, showing notable color variation among individuals within the same population. Andrias japonicus skull. The Japanese giant salamander (Andrias japonicus) is a species of fully aquatic giant salamander endemic to Japan, occurring across the western portion of the main island of Honshu, with smaller populations present on Shikoku and in ...