Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The Lyapunov time mirrors the limits of the predictability of the system. By convention, it is defined as the time for the distance between nearby trajectories of the system to increase by a factor of e. However, measures in terms of 2-foldings and 10-foldings are sometimes found, since they correspond to the loss of one bit of information or ...
In 1930 O. Perron constructed an example of a second-order system, where the first approximation has negative Lyapunov exponents along a zero solution of the original system but, at the same time, this zero solution of the original nonlinear system is Lyapunov unstable. Furthermore, in a certain neighborhood of this zero solution almost all ...
A Lyapunov function for an autonomous dynamical system {: ˙ = ()with an equilibrium point at = is a scalar function: that is continuous, has continuous first derivatives, is strictly positive for , and for which the time derivative ˙ = is non positive (these conditions are required on some region containing the origin).
Linear Time Invariant (LTI) Systems are those systems in which the parameters , , and are invariant with respect to time. One can observe if the LTI system is or is not controllable simply by looking at the pair ( A , B ) {\displaystyle ({\boldsymbol {A}},{\boldsymbol {B}})} .
In particular, the discrete-time Lyapunov equation (also known as Stein equation) for is A X A H − X + Q = 0 {\displaystyle AXA^{H}-X+Q=0} where Q {\displaystyle Q} is a Hermitian matrix and A H {\displaystyle A^{H}} is the conjugate transpose of A {\displaystyle A} , while the continuous-time Lyapunov equation is
Click Download now | wait for the installation file to download. Click the file to open. System Mechanic will begind to download. When the download finished the install wizard will show up. Click Yes. Click Install. After the installation you will be asked for your email address for activation. Enter the email address used for purchasing System ...
Learn how to download and install or uninstall the Desktop Gold software and if your computer meets the system requirements.
The planets' orbits are chaotic over longer time scales, in such a way that the whole Solar System possesses a Lyapunov time in the range of 2~230 million years. [3] In all cases, this means that the positions of individual planets along their orbits ultimately become impossible to predict with any certainty.