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4-Nitrophenol is a product of the enzymatic cleavage of several synthetic substrates such as 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (used as a substrate for alkaline phosphatase), 4-nitrophenyl acetate (for carbonic anhydrase), 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside and other sugar derivatives which are used to assay various glycosidase enzymes.
p-Nitrophenol, yellow solid is a precursor to the rice herbicide fluorodifen, the pesticide parathion, and the human analgesic paracetamol (also known as acetaminophen). The mononitrated phenols are often hydrogenated to the corresponding aminophenols that are also useful industrially.
TFM (3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol) is a common piscicide, i.e., a fish poison used to combat parasitic and invasive species of fish. [1]The substance was discovered in 1958 when researching means to combat sea lampreys and it currently remains the primary lampricide (lamprey-killer) in the Great Lakes area.
[17] 2-Nitrophenol is an aggregation pheromone of ticks. Examples of nitro compounds are rare in nature. 3-Nitropropionic acid found in fungi and plants . Nitropentadecene is a defense compound found in termites. Aristolochic acids are found in the flowering plant family Aristolochiaceae. Nitrophenylethane is found in Aniba canelilla. [18]
Synthesis of DNP (right) from phenol and nitric acid via 2-Nitrophenol and 4-Nitrophenol. DNP has the chemical formula HOC 6 H 3 (NO 2) 2. As a solid, it is a yellow, crystalline and has a sweet, musty odor. [1] [2] It sublimates, is volatile with steam, and is soluble in most organic solvents as well as aqueous alkaline solutions. [2]
Medical toxicology is a subspecialty of medicine focusing on toxicology and providing the diagnosis, management, and prevention of poisoning and other adverse effects due to medications, occupational and environmental toxicants, and biological agents. [1]
Acute toxicity describes the adverse effects of a substance that result either from a single exposure [1] or from multiple exposures in a short period of time (usually less than 24 hours). [ 2 ] To be described as acute toxicity, the adverse effects should occur within 14 days of the administration of the substance.
Visible symptoms of arsenic poisoning following exposure. Poisoning is the harmful effect which occurs when toxic substances are introduced into the body. [1] The term "poisoning" is a derivative of poison, a term describing any chemical substance that may harm or kill a living organism upon ingestion. [2]